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Petya Angelova Zdravko Kamenov Adelina Tsakova Yosif El-Darawish Haruki Okamura 《The aging male》2018,21(2):130-137
Objective: Interleukin 18 (IL-18) is an adipokine associated with obesity. Data about the relationship of IL-18 to the metabolic syndrome (MS) are still scarce. Low testosterone (T) levels are common in men with MS, but we did not find data about the levels of IL-18 in men with low T. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of IL-18 in men with MS with or without low T. Patients and methods: A total of 251 men were included in the study. Of them 218 had MS (IDF 2005) and they were divided according to their morning total testosterone (TT) level (cutoff 10.4?nmol/l) into two groups: MS-low T (N?=?84) and MS-normal T (N?=?134). The control group consisted of 33 men without MS and low T. IL-18 was determined in serum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A small group of eight men with MS and low T levels received testosterone therapy for three months and physical and laboratory parameters were monitored at the end of that period.Results: MS men were at mean age (±SD)?=?53.77?±?9.59 years; body mass index (BMI)?=?34.0?±?6.3?kg/m2; and TT?=?12.59?±?5.66?nmol/l. The control group was at age?=?52.12?±?5.2 years (NS); BMI?=?25.6?±?2.4?kg/m2 (p?.001); and TT?=?17.8?±?5.68?nmol/l (p?.001), respectively. The levels of IL-18 were higher in the MS group – 345?pg/ml compared to the control one – 264?pg/ml (p?.01). There was no significant difference between MS-low T (330.6?pg/ml) and MS-normal T (350.2?pg/ml) subgroups. The MS-normal T differed more significantly from the control group (p?.001). Significant correlation of testosterone with IL-18 levels was not found. IL-18 correlated with parameters of obesity, lipids, fasting blood sugar (p?.05) and the number of criteria for MS (p?.001). Three months on T treatment showed improvement in obesity parameters and only in one patient IL-18 had clear reduction while the rest showed no change.Conclusions: In this study, higher IL-18 levels were found in the presence of MS compared to healthy men, but they did not differ between men having MS with or without LOH. 相似文献
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Emilia Bergen Anna Ahto Anja Schulz Roland Imhoff Jan Antfolk Petya Schuhmann 《Journal of sex research》2015,52(9):1006-1016
Alcohol intoxication, sexual arousal, and negative emotional states have been found to precede certain sexual behaviors. Using data from an online self-report survey distributed to adults (N = 717; 423 men and 304 women), we compared adults with adult online sexual interactions (n = 640; 89.3%) to adults with interactions with a child or an adolescent (n = 77; 10.7%) on how much they reported being affected by the following factors surrounding the time of the interactions: alcohol intoxication, sexual arousal, sadness, boredom, stress, and shame. We found that those with a child or adolescent contact reported higher sexual arousal and more shame before the interaction, compared with those with an adult contact. In addition, the levels of negative emotional states varied when levels before the interactions were compared with levels after the interactions, suggesting that engaging in online sexual interactions alleviated negative emotional states, at least temporarily. The alleviatory effects, however, were accompanied by higher levels of shame after the interactions. Overall, adults that engage in online sexual interactions have remarkably similar perceptions of the situation surrounding these activities, independent of the age of their online contacts. Limitations of the study are discussed. 相似文献
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