The Rise of the New South Governmentality: Competing Southern Revitalization Projects and Police Responses to the Black Civil Rights Movement 1961–1965

This article examines the southern response to the civil rights movement and its relationship to the broader struggle for southern influence and control. Drawing from governmentality studies and the concept of “security”, I trace the correlation of two competing southern revitalization projects with distinct southern policing styles to consider the importance of normative political cultures, rather than the instrumental and immediate political outcomes of each local movement, on the southern response to the civil rights movement. Despite the development of new south police practices that curtained civil rights protest and produced a politically modern and racially tolerant idealized new south image, the old south project, in its failures, gained influence on the county, statewide, and regional levels. Although the conflicting revitalization projects differed in their objectives, the linkages between them set the stage for subsequent southern revitalization and development that started in the 1970s.     

JOINT VENTURES AND OFFSHORE OIL LEASE SALES

Alternative explanations of joint bidding for offshore oil tract leases are examined. The models suggest that firms undertake joint bids: 1) to reduce risk by spreading ownership across tracts; 2) to share technical expertise including information; and 3) to ameliorate financial constraints. These hypotheses are examined empirically using the multiple logit technique and other tests with data constructed from the Baltimore-Canyon sale of 1976. The results suggest that firms' behaviors are consistent with the explanations of diversification and sharing of expertise; explanations based on financial constraints are shown to be consistent with the data in the risk-averse case but not in the risk-neutral case. Implications of these results for research and policy are discussed.     

THE DEMAND FOR CIGARETTE SMUGGLING

When taxes raise the full price of a good above that in nearby jurisdictions consumers have an incentive to cross into the lower-price jurisdiction to make purchases. Using a simple microeconomic model of the consumer's border-crossing decision, we derive an econometric model to test the significance of border crossing and estimate the magnitude of the resulting sales. Examining cigarette sales in the continental U.S. over the period 1960 to 1986, we find strong evidence that border crossing is a significant factor in explaining sales differentials between states. Implications for demand estimation and excise tax policy are discussed.