THE IMAGE AND THE VOTE MANIPULATING VOTERS' PREFERENCES

Concern is often expressed regarding the ability of campaignconsultants to shape candidates' images and, thereby, influenceelectoral outcomes. Despite this concern, little attempt hasbeen made to investigate whether candidates' images can be shapedin a way that affects the vote. Here, we examine the role ofnonverbal aspects of candidate presentation on image makingand voters' preferences. In a series of three related studiesconducted at the time of the 1984 national election, the impactof different photographs of the same candidate is assessed.The results suggest that a candidate's image can be shaped insuch a way as to manipulate voters' preferences.     

Constituency, Party, and Representation in Congress

Using congressional districts as primary sampling units, the1978 National Election Survey provides improved (though stillimperfect) measures of district opinion. Together with Censusdata on district demography, roll call voting scales, and informationon congressmen's party and personal characteristics, they permita new examination of representation in Congress. Using thesedata we found a high degree of representation of district opinionon social welfare and (surprisingly) on women's issues, nearlyas much on racial issues, and much less on law and order oron abortion. District demography and congressmen's party addsubstantially to the explanation of roll call votes. There isnot, however, much "responsible party" representation in Congress.Future representation studies must face questions about thecomplex interplay among these factors, including reciprocalinfluences.     

Institutional completeness, ethnic organizational style and the role of the state: the Jewish, Italian and Greek communities of Montreal

Les sociologues canadiens ont eu tendance à concevoir un état institutionnel complet en terme d'institutions 'parallèles' qui inhibent ou servent d'alternatives à la participation dans les institutions de la société'en général'. Dans ce document, nous suggérons des prolongements à la notion d'un état institutionnel complet en examinant la relation entre les styles organisationnels développés par les communautés juive, italienne et grecque de Montréal et les politiques, lois et actions miees en oeuvre par le gouvernement québécois. À travers 1'étude des facteurs qui permettent ou inhibent le développement des écoles de jours ethniques de chaque communauté, nous décrivons les différentes formes d'état institutionnel complet dans ces différentes communautés. Notre recherche suggère également que les relations actuelles entre ces trois communautés et le gouvernement du Québec constituent un nouveau 'contrat social' dans lequel le gouvernement supporte la maintenance de la diversité ethnique en échange d'une mumission aux lois telles la francisation des fonctions et institutions communautaires.