An opportunity for European study in photography

This paper is a study of the how photographs may be redefined in several settings and historical periods. The specific focus is on photographs made by Ernst Brunner during the 1940's and subsequently. The meaning of the photographs has evolved from political to artistic.     

Poll finds physicians very wary of pay-for-performance programs

A new poll sheds light on how physician leaders across the country view the rapidly expanding pay-for-performance movement. Some take a dim view; others see it in a positive light.     

En route: An interpretation through images

This visual essay translates my experience of commuting by train between home and work. The auto‐sequenced series of black and white stills on the CD‐ROM visually reconstructs the social reality that is created in the train station and within the limited space of train carriages.     

The Fisher Transform of the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and Its Square: Cumulants,Moments, and Applications

This paper extends results on the distribution of the Fisher transform of the correlation coefficient (Fisher, 1921 Fisher , R. A. ( 1921 ). On the “probable error” of a coefficient of correlation deduced from a small sample . Metron 1 : 1 – 32 . [Google Scholar]). Approaches to obtain exact moments of the Fisher transform for both null and non-null correlations are presented. We extend the classic series expansion formulae of Hotelling (1953 Hotelling , H. ( 1953 ). New light on the correlation coefficient and its transforms . Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Ser. B 15 : 192 – 232 . [Google Scholar]) for the moments of the Fisher transform. These results are considered in the context of quadratic functions of the Fisher transform. Some applications of these results are discussed in the context of correlational hypothesis tests and confidence intervals, and a Monte Carlo experiment is used to demonstrate how application of these results impact the small sample performance of select tests on correlations.     

THE LABOR RESERVE AND THE SKILL DEBATE

Competing assertions abound about changes in the skill structure of wage labor. One claims that workplace changes do not necessarily lead to a general deskilling, but enhance skill levels for certain categories of wage labor; another, that such changes contribute to a general deskilling of the paid workforce. Despite having been the focus of much research, these competing assertions remain unresolved. Braverman's discussion of the labor reserve and its pattern of inclusion into the paid workforce promises one possible resolution. Incorporation of a sizable proportion of female workers from the latent labor reserve negated a trend towards an increased proportion of skilled workers in the U.S. paid workforce from 1950 to 1987. Implications of the particular pattern of inclusion and exclusion of this labor reserve are discussed in terms of the debate surrounding the deskilling and reskilling of wage labor in general.