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Ota Weinberger 《Theory and Decision》1973,3(3):311-317
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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This case study examines the unique occurrence of two food contamination crises at Snow Brand Milk Products Co., Ltd., the top company in the Japanese milk product industry. The separate incidents of food poisoning occurred in 1955 and 2000; the latter incident, involving more than 10,000 victims, was the worst case of food poisoning in Japanese history. 相似文献
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Through in‐depth interviews with respondents who were in interethnic relationships (N = 28), the authors extended and refined a new approach to mate selection based on affiliative ethnic identities (T. Jimenez, 2010). Rather than assimilation and a breakdown of ethnic group boundaries, they found that people pursued interethnic relationships because of the ethnic differences they include. These relationships gave them access to an affiliate ethnic or multicultural identity. This perspective does not challenge but rather complements existing theories of mate selection, including the role of opportunity structures, exchange of benefits, and growing acceptance of or freedom to pursue interethnic relationships. Ethnic differences can remain central as people meet, fall in love, and marry across these differences. 相似文献
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Contrary to the popular assumptions among international donor agencies, preceding studies have questioned the causal relations
between decentralization, participation and pro-poor policy outcomes. This article introduces two cases of decentralized city
governments in the Philippines: one employs radical forms of civil participation, while the other introduces modest ones,
but both of them have been successfully launching pro-poor policies. Through referring these contrasting cases to a “participatory
governance” model and a “governance with trusts” model, the paper argues that the approach to local governance is not linear.
Risako Ishii is an international development consultant whose work has regularly involved official Japanese development aid projects in Asia and Africa. Her research interests focus upon international aid, governance reform and administrative decentralization. Dr. Farhad Hossain is a lecturer at the Institute for Development Policy and Management at the University of Manchester UK. His teaching and research interests include organizational behaviour, development administration, governance, microcredit, NGOs and civil society organizations. Dr. Christopher Rees is a chartered psychologist based within the Institute for Development Policy and Management at the University of Manchester UK. His teaching and research interests focus upon HR-related organizational change and development initiatives. 相似文献
Farhad HossainEmail: |
Risako Ishii is an international development consultant whose work has regularly involved official Japanese development aid projects in Asia and Africa. Her research interests focus upon international aid, governance reform and administrative decentralization. Dr. Farhad Hossain is a lecturer at the Institute for Development Policy and Management at the University of Manchester UK. His teaching and research interests include organizational behaviour, development administration, governance, microcredit, NGOs and civil society organizations. Dr. Christopher Rees is a chartered psychologist based within the Institute for Development Policy and Management at the University of Manchester UK. His teaching and research interests focus upon HR-related organizational change and development initiatives. 相似文献
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James Mansell Rissa Ota Ricus Erasmus Kip Marks 《Children and youth services review》2011,33(11):2076-2086
Child protection systems appear to be in a continual crisis of confidence. They get criticised for not doing enough to protect some children, whilst at the same time being criticised for being too intrusive or not managing demand. This constant balancing act drives almost continual reforms, none of which appear to reduce further crises of confidence. The central issue facing tertiary child protection systems stems from their function as makers of sometimes highly uncertain risk screening decisions. Uncertainty leads to errors; false positives and false negatives. Two recurring issues challenging child protection agencies are concerns about these errors. Fears about doing too much are concerns about false positives and fears of doing too little are concerns about false negatives. The need to address both issues within the context of uncertain high stakes decision making, in a highly risk intolerant environment leads to poorly formed sentinel event driven policy that in turn leads to organisational fragility. A decision outcome-based performance model based on Signal Detection Theory provides indicators that explicitly outline the link between these two strategic issues facing child protection systems. This has improved dialogue, understanding and support from sponsors. It has led an informed focus on improving decision making and stabilisation of decision thresholds. It demonstrates that Child protection systems are in fact very responsive and do perform well in their decision making (risk screening) function. Social work decision makers provide value in their decision making in spite of highly uncertain decisions to make. Child protection systems do not need reform, they need to be “reframed” to better understand true performance and so avoid poorly informed reactive policy responses to the genuine challenges that they face. 相似文献
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The within-household schooling decision: a study of children in rural Andhra Pradesh 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Using microdata from a field survey of children in rural Andhra Pradesh, India, we estimate econometric models which aim to
identify the key explanatory factors in the decision on schooling. The approach adopted is to focus on the effects of sibling
competition within the household, by paying close attention to the number, age and gender of a child's siblings, while also
taking account of the characteristics of the household and community. Our findings suggest that the schooling decision depends
as much on the child's characteristics and position within the household, as on the circumstances in which the child lives.
相似文献
Peter G. MoffattEmail: |
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Hidetoshi Ota 《Researches on Population Ecology》1998,40(2):189-204
This paper analyzes the phylogeographical patterns of amphibian and reptile lineages distributed in the Ryukyu islands south
of the Tokara Gap on the basis of relevant distributional data and phylogenetic hypotheses hitherto published. Results indicate
the numerical dominance of highly relict lineages in the central Ryukyus, and the occurences of a few more or less relict
lineages in the Miyako Group as well. On the other hand, most species and subspecies endemic to the Yaeyama Group or to the
Yaeyama and Miyako Groups are considered to be direct consequences of vicariance with adjacent regions. Three major hypotheses
regarding the Cenozoic paleogeography of the central and the southern Ryukyus are examined in the light of the present results
and a modified hypothesis is proposed accordingly. 相似文献
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