Reviews of Academic English Listening Tests for Non-Native Speakers

This article presents a review of 20 tests designed for assessing the academic English listening skill of second or foreign language learners. The available test information has been systematically condensed in purpose, listening construct, task characteristics, and validity evidence. It was found that most of the tests were developed for proficiency and placement purposes in academic contexts, with few of the tests serving for making workplace decisions. Also, global, local, and inferential skills constitute the construct in most listening comprehension tests. A practical approach for justifying the uses of these tests for different stakeholders is discussed. This review is a valuable resource for educators, administrators, test developers, and researchers looking for a comprehensive analysis of existing English tests that assess listening comprehension in second or foreign language learners.     

Random effects regression mixtures for analyzing infant habituation

Random effects regression mixture models are a way to classify longitudinal data (or trajectories) having possibly varying lengths. The mixture structure of the traditional random effects regression mixture model arises through the distribution of the random regression coefficients, which is assumed to be a mixture of multivariate normals. An extension of this standard model is presented that accounts for various levels of heterogeneity among the trajectories, depending on their assumed error structure. A standard likelihood ratio test is presented for testing this error structure assumption. Full details of an expectation-conditional maximization algorithm for maximum likelihood estimation are also presented. This model is used to analyze data from an infant habituation experiment, where it is desirable to assess whether infants comprise different populations in terms of their habituation time.     

谈现代企业加强诚信管理的意义和途径

诚信管理是政府和企业在生产经营过程中,通过进行诫信制度建设,树立诚信理念,打造诚信品牌,以及对企业各部门、组织、管理者、员工加强诚信教育和管理监督的活动,使企业做到货真价实、讲究信誉、信守合同和绝不欺诈,以期达到赢得社会普遍信任与和谐发展的目的。现代诚信管理既包括企业内在的诚信经营管理,也包括政府有关部门对企业进行的外在诚信监督管理,二者有机结合可以打造诚信社会,为企业开展公平竞争和实现可持续发展创造良好的诚信市场环境。     

Small Town in Mass Society Revisited1

Abstract The case study of a small New York town that dramatized the thesis that the secular expansion of macro forces—urbanization, industrialization, bureaucratization—has permanently reduced the autonomy of all small communities is an example of a special type of discovery/persuasion strategy in the social sciences: the “opposition case study.” In contrast to the more rigorous “competitive test” or the atheoretical “negative case,” opposition case studies confront the dominant perspective with a qualitative illustration of a new theory in the context of a zero-sum game. When they are successful, opposition cases meet four criteria: the dominant view is immediately rendered obsolete; the origin of the new idea supports its plausibility; the new perspective is shown to be testable; and the new perspective quickly generates new lines of research. Small Town in Mass Society meets the first criterion, and may have been heuristic, but its probable origin in populist ideology undermines its testability.     

论休闲与社会进步

在物质文明飞速发展的今天,高度文明的精神生活已成为人们追求的目标。人逐渐学会一种使人真正成为人的生活方式,这便是休闲。休闲是人类文明发展和“以人为本”的体现,也是社会进步的需要。     

李贺和比喻

李贺的比喻和一般比喻差别很大,他经常颠倒喻词和被喻词之间的关系,给人带来震撼。这种比喻方法,不仅表现了李贺心中万物平等的思想,也展现了迥异现实的另一世界的景象。     

试论《第一批异形词整理表》的学习与使用

教育部、国家语委发布《第一批异形词整理表》对完善我国语言文学的规范化有重要的意义。文章论述了异形词的内容及整理的原则 ,在学习和使用《第一批异形词整理表》时要注意的问题 ,包括如何找出使用推荐词形的规律和避免容易出现的错误等 ,并对此表存在问题试作分析     

论地下工程发展与该专业人才培养

介绍了国内外地下工程开发的现状与未来 ,论述了地下工程专业人才的需求 ,对地下工程专业人才的培养提出了建议 ,可供有关领导决策时参考