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1.
This article describes a research study that investigated three‐ and four‐year‐old Canadian preschool children’s perceptions about starting kindergarten. Findings from 33 focus‐group discussions suggest that children begin to formulate ideas about starting kindergarten prior to school entry. Children’s responses were grouped according to three themes, play versus academic activities and homework; getting bigger but still needing help; and rules. Overall, the responses highlighted their expectations regarding continuity and discontinuity between the two environments. These findings support the position that children should be given the opportunity to contribute to the planning of transition practices. 相似文献
2.
Statistics and Computing - 相似文献
3.
Elizabeth Popp Berman 《Theory and Society》2012,41(3):261-299
Organizational institutionalism has shown how institutional entrepreneurs can introduce new logics into fields and push for
their broader acceptance. In academic science in the United States, however, market logic gained strength without such an
entrepreneurial project. This article proposes an alternative “practice selection” model to explain how a new institutional
logic can gain strength when local innovations interact with changes outside the field. Actors within a field are always experimenting
with practices grounded in a variety of logics. When one logic is dominant, innovations based on alternative logics may have
trouble gaining the resources they need to become more broadly institutionalized. But if a changing environment starts systematically
to favor practices based on an alternative logic, that logic can become stronger even in the absence of a coherent project
to promote it. This is what happened in US academic science, as growing political concern with the economic impact of innovation
changed the field’s environment in ways that encouraged the spread of local market-logic practices. 相似文献
4.
The basic unit of human organization has always been the family, although the meaning and composition of “family” has altered over the millennia of human existence. The current view in Western thought is that there is a distinct schism between the family and other social organizations, particularly those organizations associated with work. As a broad distinction, the family is held to be in the private sphere of human interaction and work organizations in the public. Much feminist theory is predicated on this private/public split, and one of the reasons proposed for the social inequality of women is that the private, which is women's “natural” domain, is held to be of lesser social significance. The paper considers, in a light-hearted (but we hope not lightweight) manner, the metaphor of the organization as family. We provide analogies between the notions of “family” as a private social institution and the work organization, drawing no conclusions, but providing some small insights into affinities and congruences which blur the private/public distinction. If we assert anything at all, it is this: because the work organization is family, we are able to slip from one to the other each day with the minimum of psychic stress. “Travail, Famille, patrie” (the slogan of the Vichy régime) 相似文献
5.
Sheri Lokken Worthy Jeffrey Jonkman Lynn Blinn-Pike 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2010,31(2):161-170
College students are at especially high risk for serious financial problems due to easy availability of credit cards, rising
tuition, and a declining economy. Arnett (Am Psychol 55:469–480, 2000) proposed 18–25 year olds may be considered emerging adults and are characterized by less stable financial situations than
those who perceive themselves to be adults. A survey was given to 450 students at two Mississippi universities. The results
showed student financial behaviors were related to age, gender, public assistance, adult status, sensation-seeking, and potential
for problem gambling. This study is unique in that it investigated the relationship of emerging adult/adult status and other
individual and socio-demographic variables to financial behaviors among college students, a conceptualization that has not
been explored in the past. 相似文献
6.
Parent and sibling influences on children's development of conflict management strategies were examined. Data consist of naturally occurring, in‐home sibling disputes of 37 families at two time points. The siblings were approximately two and four years old at Time 1, and four and six years old at Time 2. Parents' and children's use of conflict strategies that reflect proactive autonomy assertions such as opposition and verbal and physical power were the focus of the current study. Results suggest that parents and siblings play an important role in shaping children's conflict behaviours over time. For instance, parents' reliance on unelaborated opposition to the child, and older siblings' increased use of physical power predicted decreases in younger siblings' ability to assert themselves during conflict. In addition, increased proportions of opposition from a younger sibling was associated with the older siblings using less verbal aggression and using more mature conflict strategies such as justifying their own behaviour to their younger sibling. As sibling conflict is a salient child rearing concern for parents, practical implications are discussed. 相似文献
7.
Our main objective is to investigate the influence of the bargaining power within a chain on its industry. As a building block, we first discuss the implications of bargaining within a single chain by considering an asymmetric Nash bargaining over the wholesale price (BW). We show that both Manufacturer Stackelberg (MS) and vertical integration (VI) strategies are special cases of the BW contract. We then develop the Nash equilibrium in an industry with two supply chains that use BW. We identify the profit‐maximizing (coordinating) bargaining power within this industry. We show that when a chain is not monopolistic, VI does not coordinate the chain and that the MS contract, where the manufacturer has all the bargaining power, is coordinating when competition is intense. We find that the main determinant of the equilibrium in mature industries is to respond well to the actions of the competing chain rather than to directly maximize the profit of each chain. That is, the equilibrium does not necessarily maximize the profit of the entire industry. While a coordination of the industry could then increase the profitability of both chains, such a coordination is likely against antitrust law. Moreover, if one chain cannot change its actions, the other chain may unilaterally improve its profitability by deviating from the equilibrium. Our results lead to several predictions supported by empirical findings, such as that in competitive industries chains will work “close to” the MS contract. 相似文献
8.
Sheri R. Levy Antonio L. Freitas Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton Heather Kugelmass 《Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy》2006,6(1):75-85
The Protestant work ethic (PWE), the belief that hard work leads to success, is a quintessentially American belief. The present research addresses a critical gap in psychological research on PWE: can a single, large-scale sociopolitical event (government's response to Hurricane Katrina) produce changes in PWE? We review evidence showing that the salience of Katrina led to a reduction in African Americans' (not European Americans') endorsement of PWE and that this result appears explained by African Americans' greater belief in the government's inadequate response to Katrina victims, who were predominately African American. The implications of differential endorsement of PWE for future expectations of societal treatment, motivation to pursue important goals, and willingness to endorse structural corrections of inequality are discussed. 相似文献
9.
There is enough basic research on social cognition, developmental psychology,and peer relations as they relate to prejudice, discrimination, and stereotyping to address program development and evaluation. At the same time, there are enough race relations programs being developed and implemented to inform basic research on prejudice. This issue brings together articles on the interface between basic research and programs on prejudice. The articles focus onspecific programs such as affirmative action, multicultural and bilingual education, cooperative learning, social-cognitive skills training, and bystander interventions. This introductory article provides an overview of the goals and implications of the issue. 相似文献
10.
M. Berman 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(7):693-697
Several authors have conjectured, on the basis of their numerical work, that the maximum likelihood estimators of the shape and scale parameters of the Gamma distribution are positively biased. It is proved that their conjecture is always true. 相似文献