排序方式: 共有20条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Shigeko Okamoto 《Journal of Sociolinguistics》2019,23(3):324-328
2.
This paper proposes an optimal combinatorial method for finding groups of industries with relatively large CO2 emissions through industrial relations. Using an economic input–output table, we estimated a non-symmetric matrix describing how much CO2 is emitted in producing the commodity of industry i, which was purchased to produce commodity of industry j, to meet the final demand for a specific commodity. A symmetric strength of relations matrix describing the CO2 emissions associated with the industrial relations was further estimated using the non-symmetric matrix. The strength of relations matrix can be viewed as a representation of the supply-chain network of the final commodity. In this study, we estimated the strength of relations matrix associated with the final demand for automobiles and applied the multiway cut approach using nonnegative matrix factorization to the matrix in order to find environmentally important industry clusters in the Japanese automobile supply chain. According to our empirical results, the optimal number of industry clusters is 19, and 4 industry clusters are playing a key role in CO2 emission reduction. 相似文献
3.
Masato Okamoto 《Journal of Economic Inequality》2011,9(2):145-181
This paper proposes source decomposition of the change in income inequality between two time points using the integral-based
approach (IBA) and the (chained) Shapley-value approach as its approximation. In comparison to static Shapley-value decompositions
and traditional decompositions for the square of the coefficient of variation and the Gini index, the new dynamic Shapley-value
approach is intuitively appealing as a decomposition procedure for changes in inequality. It is expected to yield relatively
small differences among various inequality measures, essentially maintaining consistency with income source classification.
Path dependency, a possible drawback of the new decompositions, is not expected to be a particular problem in the usual cases.
The properties are illustrated for application to the increase in US family income inequality during 1979–1996. In this empirical
study, the new decompositions showed a tendency that was clearly different from those of the existing decompositions, indicating
that the proposed procedures shed new light on analysis of the causes of inequality changes. An extension to incorporate other
factors such as family structure is also successful without loss of the desirable properties. 相似文献
4.
Experience with branch and bound algorithms indicates that computational time is a function of not only the size of the problem, but also the nature of the input data. This paper formulates statistically-based variables which describe certain characteristics of the input data and experimentally evaluates their ability to predict computational time for one branch and bound algorithm, the relative location of facilities or “plant layout” problem. Results suggest that the described experimental procedure may be useful for an a priori assessment of the computational difficulty of specific branch and bound problems. 相似文献
5.
Okamoto A 《Journal of aging & social policy》1996,8(2-3):25-35
The multiplicity of Japan's health insurance system fails to achieve equality among the different insurance groups of the sharing of the financial burden. This "horizontal" inequality is effectively offset by a unique redistribution mechanism established in 1982. However, there is no reserve fund so that savings can be accumulated for the greater financial need in the future. This will inevitably lead to a heavier financial burden for the future working generation or more utilization of the personal assets of the elderly. How to achieve "vertical" or intergenerational equality in financing the cost of health care for the elderly is the biggest social policy challenge for Japan. 相似文献
6.
7.
Decomposition of gini and multivariate gini indices 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Masato Okamoto 《Journal of Economic Inequality》2009,7(2):153-177
A new type of decomposition by population subgroup is proposed for the Gini inequality index. The decomposition satisfies
the completely identical distribution (CID) condition, whereby the between-group inequality is null if and only if the distribution
within each subgroup is identical to all the others. Thus, this decomposition contrasts strikingly with the subgroup decomposition
of the generalized entropy measures, which satisfy the condition that the between-group inequality is null if the mean within
each subgroup equals those of all the others. The new decomposition can be generalized to the distance-Gini index and the
volume-Gini index, two multivariate Gini indices introduced by Koshevoy and Mosler, with some modification of the index definition
and a somewhat loosened CID condition in the latter case. The source decomposition is also generalized to these multi-dimensional
indices. Interaction terms appear among sources of different attributes in the decomposition for the modified volume–Gini
index.
相似文献
Masato OkamotoEmail: |
8.
As alternatives to mainstream institutions, local non-profit organisations (NPOs) are important sites for immigrant civic engagement; yet, there is little research on how immigrants negotiate the benefits of NPOs. We use ethnographic fieldwork and multiple in-depth interviews with 39 NPO staff and Latina immigrants in San Francisco, California. We offer new insights about how undocumented, low-income, Latina mothers – a group constrained by multiple barriers – negotiate direct assistance and civic engagement in NPOs. Although NPOs provide both direct services and civic engagement opportunities, we find that moral judgments within the broader anti-immigrant and anti-welfare climate impact how Latinas feel the need to ‘give back’ or ‘ration’ services in NPOs. Additionally, the expectation that direct services are an entrée for civic engagement has consequences for how Latinas negotiate deservingness and work to preserve their self-worth. For some, these expectations depress further engagement or drive intergroup divisions. 相似文献
9.
Charee M. Thompson Andrew Frisbie Nicole Hudak Kristen E. Okamoto Sarah Bell 《Journal of Family Communication》2017,17(4):301-318
To better understand the “chronic burden of care” in the United States, we focused on an underrepresented demographic of youth caregivers in families, emerging adults (EAs). EAs are a newly recognized population of youth, 18–25 years of age, who are developmentally between adolescence and young adulthood. Guided by the life span communication perspective, we interviewed 98 EAs (30 males and 68 females, M age = 19.09, SD = 1.72) about their experiences providing support to a parent with a chronic health condition. Many EAs in this study said they provided “understanding” and our interpretive thematic analyses uncovered two broad meanings of the word: it is a form of support that EAs both have and communicate. When EAs have understanding, they have knowledge about the health condition and how it affects their parent. They also have acceptance to some degree that the health condition is a fixture of their lives and that their parents are imperfect and fallible people. They communicate the understanding they have through reciprocating support, sacrificing, being obedient, avoiding sensitive topics, and projecting emotional strength. We discuss the findings and their implications for emerging adult development as well as parent-child relational development parallel to difficult long-term health issues in families. 相似文献
10.