排序方式: 共有29条查询结果,搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
2.
Michael Polanyi’s defense of freedom in science and society conflicts in major ways with Weber (process of rationalization,
value neutrality of sociologists), Popper (objective knowledge, open society), and technological or oppositional sociology.
Polanyi rejects positivism, utilitarianism, and Marxism, and defends freedom as a necessary condition for pursuit of spiritual
ideals such as truth, justice, charity, and tolerance. Half truths about science seen as rejecting tradition, faith, authority,
values, and the subjective, have helped bring valuable social results, but in the form taken by radical philosophical skepticism
(doubt), also called objectivism, they also threaten freedom itself. A more truthful account is needed. Scientists and citizens
who would maintain a free society are morally responsible persons, joined together in quest of truth and certain other ideals,
demanding of themselves and each other that they be faithful to that quest. Polanyi’s thought has connections with that of
Shils, and has implications for what Shils calls a consensual sociology.
Louis H. Swartz teaches law, and is interested in the development of sociological theory and legal sociology, building upon
the contributions of Polanyi and Shils. 相似文献
3.
4.
David S. Derezotes Ph.D. Lonnie R. Snowden Ph.D. 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》1990,7(2):161-175
The focus of this paper is to suggest an approach to cultural factors in intervention efforts with child maltreatment cases. General issues as well as issues specific to Black and Hispanic Americans are explored. Various risk factors commonly used to guide intervention efforts are examined from a cultural perspective. Recommendations are provided in four key practice areas; organizational and administrative adaptations, staff recruitment and training, research, and public relations. 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
Paul R. Jones Dexter M. Taylor Jodi Dampeer-Moore Katherine L. Van Allen Darlene R. Saunders Cecelia B. Snowden Mark B. Johnson 《Race and social problems》2013,5(2):121-136
To our knowledge, no published research has developed an individual difference measure of health-related stereotype threat (HRST). We adapted existing measures of academic stereotype threat to the health domain on a sample of black college students (N = 280). The resulting health-related stereotype threat scale-24 (HRST-24) was assessed for internal consistency, construct and incremental validity, and whether it explains variance in self-reported delays among four preventive health behaviors—blood pressure and cholesterol assays, physical exams, and routine checkups. After adjusting for several control variables, the HRST-24’s (full scale α = 0.96) perceived black health inferiority (18 items; α = 0.96) and perceived physician racial bias (6 items; α = 0.85) subscales explained unique variance in delays among two of the four behaviors including a blood cholesterol check (p < .01) and routine checkup—albeit at marginal levels (p = .063) in the case of the latter. Overall, these data provide preliminary evidence of construct and incremental validity for the HRST-24 among blacks. Recommendations for administering the scale are provided and future directions for HRST research are discussed. 相似文献
8.
This article reviews a range of issues associated with the commercialization of biomedical research and speculates on how these issues might apply to the neuroscience context. Drawing on existing studies of the impact of research commercialization activities on various areas of biotechnology research, the authors explore normative benchmarks for assessing and resolving issues likely to arise from the commercialization of neuroscientific research, including such topics as patenting, marketing pressures, and representations of research prospects. 相似文献
9.
Matthew Herder B.Sc. LL.B. LL.M. J.S.M. 《Accountability in research》2013,20(4):227-269
Putting aside whether diseases that affect only small numbers of people (“rare diseases”) should be prioritized over diseases that are otherwise orphaned, in this article I argue that a new approach to rare, orphan diseases is needed. The current model, first signaled by the United States' Orphan Drug Act and subsequently emulated by several other jurisdictions, relies on a set of open-ended criteria and market-based incentives in order to define and encourage drug therapies for rare, orphan diseases. Given a) the biopharmaceutical industries' growing interest in orphan diseases, b) progress in the sphere of personalized medicines enabling more and more common diseases to be reclassified as rare, and c) empirical evidence suggesting that the most orphan drugs target only a limited, lucrative subset of rare diseases, I argue that Canada, which recently announced plans to develop its own “orphan drug framework” should not follow the United States' orphan drug model. 相似文献
10.
Snowden LL 《The International migration review》1990,24(3):577-590
"Present theories treat migration as one basic movement. [In the present paper,] conceptualization of economic migration as collective rather than mass behavior has been proposed to overcome present theoretical inadequacies and facilitate empirical analyses. Permanent migration has been correctly regarded as statistically aggregated, institutionalized behavior. Temporary international labor migration is, however, a different phenomenon--one that is more accurately portrayed as a collective product. It is the culmination of nontraditional interactions between three major groups: the migrants, their employers and host nation-states. The development of collective behavior, including a noninstitutionalized role of the state, may be illustrated by Western European guestworkers and United States illegal aliens. Advantages of the conceptualization include easier cross-cultural comparisons, guidelines for predictability and recognition of the dual role of the state as both major actor in the migration process and social control agent." 相似文献