Erectile dysfunction is strongly linked with decreased libido in diabetic men

Erectile dysfunction frequently occurs with diabetes mellitus. A survey of diabetic men was conducted by anonymous questionnaire to investigate the associations of erectile dysfunction with various predictive factors. A total of 112 diabetic males without an obvious history of erectile dysfunction were available for analyses. The mean age and duration of diabetes were 53.7?±?12.2 years and 10.2?±?8.6 years (mean?±?standard deviation), respectively. The questionnaire included questions on the presence or absence of smoking, hypertension, libido and subjective symptoms of diabetic neuropathy that may be associated with erectile dysfunction. Analysis of the answers to the questionnaire revealed that 40% of the patients complained of erectile dysfunction (erection ‘always insufficient’). Erectile dysfunction was significantly correlated with age (p?=?0.005), but not with duration of diabetes (p?=?0.25), adjusted for age. Erectile dysfunction was also associated with sensory neuropathy and reduced libido, independently of age. The logistic regression analysis revealed that erectile dysfunction was positively associated with reduced libido and age. The odds ratio of erectile dysfunction for reduced compared to unreduced libido was 18.21, suggesting that psychogenic factors have a marked influence on erectile dysfunction. It is concluded that the presence of erectile dysfunction should be considered when symptoms related to diabetic neuropathy are observed; psychological approaches, such as sexual counseling, could be applied for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.     

Olympic Games in Japan and East Asia: Images and Legacies: An Introduction

This is the Introduction to the special issue entitled "The Olympic Games in Japan and East Asia: Images and Legacies.”     

Star Architects,Urban Spectacles,and Global Brands: Exploring the Case of the Tokyo Olympics 2020

Olympic stadia are often regarded as political showcases stemming from a range of influences: the host nation's international politics, the interests of transnational capitalism, site‐specific meanings, and the power of iconic architecture. By examining the 2020 Tokyo Olympic main stadium as a case study, this article analyzes the controversial Zaha Hadid Tokyo stadium design in relation to the Japanese national branding initiative. The article argues that branding should be seen as part of an economic and cultural system that seems to enhance the global value of iconic architects and their buildings. Yet the power of brands can be understood as contingent. Their ambivalent nature entails a tension between exclusiveness and banality; additionally, branded architects may find it difficult to work across the different regimes of global and local politics, and they are of course also constrained by the logic of neoliberal transnational capitalism. By investigating a major global branded architect, Zaha Hadid, the article considers why a new image of Japan could not be adequately created by Hadid's aesthetics and narratives of the Olympic stadium, which could have been regarded as a national cultural legacy. The article then discusses the contested processes of image‐making and narrative creation in relation to the representation of Japan in contemporary Olympic culture. The article concludes with an examination of Kengo Kuma's architecture language in his 2020 Tokyo Olympics stadium design.     

日记(英文)

我们中的许多人都曾有过这样的经历——背起行囊.远赴重洋.去学习、去工作.去闯出自己的一片天。在与亲人朋友们相隔千里之外的陌生土地上.尝试去享受一种自由与寂寞同在的生活……"日记".作为本刊开设的新栏目,将与您分享一些读者朋友们的海外经历。     

中日实学的交流:新井白石与朱之瑜

新井白石曾求学于儒学学者木下顺庵,而木下顺庵与浙江余姚的朱之瑜有交流,新井白石因顺庵举荐,曾出仕德川纲丰的甲府藩,白石一生著述甚丰,其语言学著作有<东雅>、<同文通考>、<东音谱>等书,<东雅>是一部关于古语名词语源的辞典.白石不仅关注一种语言内部的诸种变化,更注意到了多种语言间的相互影响.白石的研究语言的方法,一方面是木下顺庵那种广泛涉猎文献的实证学风的继承,另一方面也是吸收中国明代学术成果的结晶.朱之瑜在日本住了23年,白石著作中多处引用了朱之瑜的话,新井白石与朱之瑜的学问交流,对东亚各国的实学文化的比较研究具有一定的意义.     

REPUTATION TRANSMISSION WITHOUT BENEFIT TO THE REPORTER: A BEHAVIORAL UNDERPINNING OF MARKETS IN EXPERIMENTAL FOCUS

Reputation is a commonly cited check on opportunism, but it is often unclear what motivates an agent to report another's behavior when it is easy for the aggrieved individual to move on. In a sharply focused laboratory experiment, we find that many cooperators pay to report a defecting partner without the possibility of pecuniary benefit when this has the potential to deprive the latter of future gains and to help his next partner. We illustrate how a social preference can explain such costly reporting, and also discuss evidence for a role of emotions. (JEL C91, D03, D63)     

From locality to continent: A comment on the generalization of an experimental study

Kocher et al. (2008) find that conditional willingness to contribute to a public good is considerably stronger at a U.S. research site, Appalachian State University, than at sites in Europe and Asia. I find that the willingness at Brown University, in Rhode Island, is not significantly different from that in Europe and Asia in Kocher et al. (2008). Clear evidence on significantly different demographic statistics between these two U.S. research sites is provided. This implies that in the experimental study of societies, or more generally in empirical studies, we need exercise care to generalize from results at a specific research site to geographically broader conclusions.     

Between the state and global civil society: non‐official experts and their network in the Asia‐Pacific, 1925–45

This article stresses the need for a more rigorous scrutiny of the power structure in which an expert network produces its ‘expert knowledge’. It defines a pioneering multinational expert network in the Asia‐Pacific region in the interwar years as a prototype of an epistemic community, and examines how far it challenged the state‐centred and North Atlantic‐centred dominant structure of international politics, and became ‘global’. In this article I argue that this particular network largely reinforced the dominant structure. This meant that it remained inter‐national and colonial, and served the interests of the state/empire, neither becoming global nor advancing a universalist cause for the global civil society. The failure owes a lot to historical circumstances. Yet this case study also demonstrates that the structure in which the expert network produced specific knowledge is still dominant and that a constant scrutiny of the role of an expert network remains critical.     

研究能力与环境的评价模型

知识科学已经产生了研究成果,如知识转化理论、知识系统化方法和知识创造力开发方法.预计近期研究者将在重大自然科学领域,在现有知识科学的协助下,获得创造性的理论研究成果.为此,必须建立一个"Ba"或者一种情境,它可以支持科学知识创新的发展和实践.文章在i系统和三重螺旋模型的基础上,提出一个研究能力和研究环境的一览表,旨在设计和评价学术团体技术创新的"Ba".文章采用调查问卷形式,对象是知识和信息科学研究领域的研究生的研究能力及其环境.文章运用模糊对应分析方法进行数据分析,并向管理人员提供有益的数据解释和说明.