Towards Uniformly Efficient Trend Estimation Under Weak/Strong Correlation and Non‐stationary Volatility

In this paper, we consider the deterministic trend model where the error process is allowed to be weakly or strongly correlated and subject to non‐stationary volatility. Extant estimators of the trend coefficient are analysed. We find that under heteroskedasticity, the Cochrane–Orcutt‐type estimator (with some initial condition) could be less efficient than Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) when the process is highly persistent, whereas it is asymptotically equivalent to OLS when the process is less persistent. An efficient non‐parametrically weighted Cochrane–Orcutt‐type estimator is then proposed. The efficiency is uniform over weak or strong serial correlation and non‐stationary volatility of unknown form. The feasible estimator relies on non‐parametric estimation of the volatility function, and the asymptotic theory is provided. We use the data‐dependent smoothing bandwidth that can automatically adjust for the strength of non‐stationarity in volatilities. The implementation does not require pretesting persistence of the process or specification of non‐stationary volatility. Finite‐sample evaluation via simulations and an empirical application demonstrates the good performance of proposed estimators.     

Constrained vs unconstrained labor supply: the economics of dual job holding

This paper develops a unified model of dual and unitary job holding based on a Stone-Geary utility function. The model incorporates both constrained and unconstrained labor supply. Panel data methods are adapted to accommodate unobserved heterogeneity and multinomial selection into six mutually exclusive labor supply regimes. We estimate the wage and income elasticities arising from selection and unobserved heterogeneity as well as from the Stone-Geary Slutsky equations. The labor supply model is estimated with data from the British Household Panel Survey 1991–2008. Among dual job holders, our study finds that the Stone-Geary income and wage elasticities are much larger for labor supply to the second job compared with the main job. When the effects of selection and unobserved heterogeneity are taken account of, the magnitudes of these elasticities on the second job tend to be significantly reduced.     

Spatial Variations in Church Burnings: The Social Ecology of Victimized Communities in the South*

Abstract In recent years, church burnings in the South have attracted a great deal of attention. Many commentators have charged that they are a product of strained race relations throughout the South, and particularly of severe racial tensions in Southern rural areas. In this study we evaluate these claims. We begin by mapping the spatial coordinates of recorded church burnings from 1990 to 1997, and find that church arsons indeed are concentrated in the South. Church burnings, however, are a more urban phenomenon than popular media accounts would suggest. Our analysis then explores the influence of contextual factors (population and locale, racial composition and inequality, so‐cioeconomic conditions, local religious ecology, and patterns of reported crime) on church burnings in counties located in the study region. Logistic regression models confirm that church arsons are most likely to occur in small metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) and non‐MSA counties containing a city of at least 10,000 residents. Church burnings also are especially likely in counties with a higher percentage of black residents, a larger number of churches relative to the rest of the state, and a higher arson rate. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for future research and public policy.     

石油亚砜PSO—Ⅱ与P_(204),P_(507)萃取稀土的研究

分别用P_(204),P_(507),PSO—Ⅱ单独萃取混合氯化稀土,得到了萃取稀土的最佳条件,并对P_(204)与PSO—Ⅱ、P_(507)与PSO—Ⅱ,协同萃取稀土元素进行了初步探讨,发现P_(204)与PSO—Ⅱ,P_(507)与PSO—Ⅱ两者在萃取混合氯化稀土的试验条件下,均无协同效应。     

The Effects of Spousal Health on the Decision to Smoke: Evidence on Consumption Externalities, Altruism and Learning Within the Household

Married individuals are healthier than single individuals though the reasons are not well understood. Individuals with spouses/or partners are less likely to smoke. We explore the relationship between health and marital status by analyzing three potential channels through which marriage affects smoking, i.e., consumption externalities (one spouse's smoking affects the other spouse's welfare), altruism (one spouse reduces smoking in response to the other spouse's bad health), and learning about risks of smoking from the health experience of one's spouse. We find spousal health does not affect smoking due to altruism or learning within the household but do find evidence for consumption externalities.     

悠久而多彩的印尼华人外文文学

印尼华人外文文学发生于19世纪中叶,为印尼文学的产生带了头,在马来文学的革新中起了先锋作用。印尼华人外文文学涉及重大的政治斗争和社会问题,揭露社会弊端和邪恶势力,表现各族青年男女的恋爱婚姻生活,反映家庭生活中的矛盾和冲突问题,反映社会底层的各族人民的生活和风土人情,艺术形式多样,语种丰富,读者众多。     

BATHTUB-TYPE CURVES IN RELIABILITY AND BEYOND

Finding optimal, or at least good, maintenance and repair policies is crucial in reliability engineering. Likewise, describing life phases of human mortality is important when determining social policy or insurance premiums. In these tasks, one searches for distributions to fit data and then makes inferences about the population(s). In the present paper, we focus on bathtub‐type distributions and provide a view of certain problems, methods and solutions, and a few challenges, that can be encountered in reliability engineering, survival analysis, demography and actuarial science.     

河南高等教育高水平发展略论

"十五"期间,河南高等教育事业取得突飞猛进的发展,但与广大人民群众"有学上"、"有好学上"的需求仍有一定差距,服务河南经济社会发展的能力还不够强,根源主要在于河南高等教育优质资源比较匮乏,突出表现在重点大学、重点学科和重点实验室较少方面.推动河南高等教育高水平发展,必须有针对性地加大"三重"建设力度,在学科建设等五个方面狠下工夫.     

王船山的《中庸》首章诠释及其思想

以《中庸》为个案 ,从宋明道学的视野来观察船山的《四书》诠释。可以认为 :船山读《中庸》说 ,其中以未发说和戒慎说为其核心。船山有关《中庸》的讲法 ,可以说是“接着”程朱讲的 ,但不是“照着”程朱讲的 ;他不是传统意义上的程朱学派 ,但受到程朱学派的较大影响。船山虽然并不承认自己为程朱学派的一员 ,但顺承程朱《中庸》解说的脉络 ,延续程朱《中庸》诠释的问题性 ,吸取程朱许多的理学观念和诠释学资源 ,同时又针对朱子本人及朱门后学的论点而提出自己的诠释主张。船山的《中庸》解释是明清之际儒学经典诠释的一部分