A note on the migration of Jews from Dublin

The emigration of Jews from Dublin, Ireland, between 1930 and 1980 is analyzed. Data are from a survey carried out in 1980 among 130 randomly selected Jewish households in Dublin.     

可持续发展的障碍：越权的环境事件

为当代人带来好处的人为环境变化将会给后代人造成可预见的危害。因为“时滞效应”,这些环境变化产生的利弊在代际之间的分配极为殊异。包括生物多样性丧失和全球气候变化等,一些全球最大的环境问题就是如此。对于西方国家的政府而言,这些问题的棘手性不仅在于在实践中如何避免不受欢迎的政策选择,而且还是自由民主制的一个理论问题。当前的政治合法性概念授权政府依据当代公民的而不是后代公民的利益而采取行动。一个自由民主制的政府无权推行有益于后代人利益的政策,因为如果这样做会对当代选民产生束缚。这样做就是政府的越权——超越了决策的合法范围。结果就是所有环境事件几乎都超越了政府解决问题的权限,成为越权（ultra vires）的环境事件。可持续发展概念体现了代际公平,在这个意义上,当前的政治合法性概念就是在阻碍可持续发展。     

Sexual coercion in gay male and lesbian relationships: Predictors and implications for support services

Numerous studies have documented the prevalence of forced sex in heterosexual couples. Positive effects of this research include increases in awareness about the problem among helping professionals and the public, as well as increases in support services and prevention programs. However, no research has been done on sexual coercion in gay male and lesbian relationships, and few support services exist. Therefore, this study is an investigation of the prevalence and correlates of coercive sex in gay male and lesbian relationships. Participants were 36 women and 34 men who were in gay or lesbian relationships. The results indicated that 12% of the gay men and 31% of the lesbians reported being victims of forced sex by their current or most recent partners. The higher reporting rate among women may be due to greater awareness of issues pertaining to sexual abuse, and greater likelihood of identifying various forms of coercion as force. For men, being a victim of forced sex was generally associated with being a victim of other forms of violence. For both sexes, victims of forced sex believed that it would be relatively difficult to get counseling. Implications for support services are discussed.     

Fixed–Effects Negative Binomial Regression Models

This paper demonstrates that the conditional negative binomial model for panel data, proposed by Hausman, Hall, and Griliches (1984), is not a true fixed–effects method. This method—which has been implemented in both Stata and LIMDEP—does not in fact control for all stable covariates. Three alternative methods are explored. A negative multinomial model yields the same estimator as the conditional Poisson estimator and hence does not provide any additional leverage for dealing with overdispersion. On the other hand, a simulation study yields good results from applying an unconditional negative binomial regression estimator with dummy variables to represent the fixed effects. There is no evidence for any incidental parameters bias in the coefficients, and downward bias in the standard error estimates can be easily and effectively corrected using the deviance statistic. Finally, an approximate conditional method is found to perform at about the same level as the unconditional estimator.