绘画经验与文学表达——论陈丹青散文创作中的观看之道

陈丹青的散文特质与其绘画实践关联紧密。陈丹青的绘画经验使其产生了一系列观察世界的思维方式,而这些独特的“看法”也影响到他散文的“文法”。具体言之,绘画技术带来的视觉思维,使其散文精于色彩、光线、空间的描摹,侧重对肖像、衣着、建筑等可视层的关注;“抛开本质看现象”的观看与思维方式,则使其散文多作客观描写,由此展现出戏剧般的场景感;他在绘画中习得的从“退步”和“局部”出发打捞历史丰富性的经验路径,则影响到其散文对“细节”的发掘。从绘画经验出发理解陈丹青的散文创作,不仅可以考察图像与文学的互动关系,也可以借此把握陈丹青艺术实践中的认知框架和经验脉络。     

微信公共账号传播的机制与策略

微信及其用户创造了一个全新的时代。微信公共账号的产生则赋予了其更多的媒介特质,也为传播学研究提供了更为丰富的实践。微信公号具有大众传播属性、人际传播功能和交互式传播特点,它体现了传播学研究中的使用与满足理论、强关系理论和受众碎片化趋势。同时微信公号传播也存在诸多困境,可以从定位、媒介融合、互动、推广、监管等方面进行改进,实现其长远发展。     

Estimation of Deprivation Level Functions using a Numerical Rating Scale

Evaluating and quantifying human suffering in humanitarian operations offers an innovative and potentially powerful way to assess the performance of humanitarian logistics (HL) and help build optimization models. Previous studies have suggested deprivation cost as a metric and have estimated deprivation cost functions for water using willingness‐to‐pay. Our study proposes deprivation levels, defined as the degree of human suffering caused by lack of access to a good or service, and estimates deprivation level functions using a numerical rating scale. Analyzing data collected from respondents with and without disaster experience, we find that individuals in the latter category estimate deprivation differently from the beneficiaries of disaster relief. Our study demonstrates that deprivation levels can be expressed as logistic growth functions with a typical S‐shape, and that these can be integrated into HL optimization models to better account for human suffering.     

产品与赠品的契合度对不确定赠品促销的影响

 互联网技术的发展使不确定促销的实施变得更加有效和实用，但是已有研究或者聚焦于不确定性的消极作用，或者聚焦于不确定性的积极作用。为了掌握不确定促销的本质，构建一个影响消费者不确定促销评价的关键变量间关系的模型，重点刻画产品属性、赠品形式和产品与赠品间的契合度。        研究产品属性与赠品形式的交互作用对促销评价的影响，特别是基于产品与赠品间的契合度分析高一致不确定赠品和低一致不确定赠品对促销评价的影响，验证消费者的感知价值作为产品属性与赠品形式的交互作用对促销评价影响的中介变量。        采用情景实验的方式，通过两个2×3组间实验验证研究假设。自变量为产品属性和赠品形式，因变量为促销评价，实验1设计为产品属性(实用性vs.享乐性)与赠品形式(高契合赠品A vs. 高契合赠品B vs. 高一致不确定赠品)的2×3组间设计。实验2设计为产品属性(实用性vs.享乐性)与赠品形式(高契合赠品vs.低契合赠品vs.低一致不确定赠品)的2×3组间设计。        研究结果表明，高一致不确定赠品的情况下，享乐性产品的高一致不确定赠品的促销评价好于高契合赠品的促销评价，实用性产品的高一致不确定赠品与高契合赠品的促销评价没有显著性差异。低一致不确定赠品的情况下，实用性产品的高契合赠品的促销评价好于低一致不确定赠品的促销评价，享乐性产品的高契合赠品与低一致不确定赠品的促销评价没有显著性差异。        从产品属性和契合度的角度，协调了不确定促销冲突的论点，进一步揭示了不确定赠品和确定性赠品在赠品促销中的适用场景，丰富了赠品促销的应用范围。     

共同体、哲学与民主：沃尔泽的政治思想

迈克尔·沃尔泽(Michael Walzer)是当代著名政治哲学家,论著等身,论题广泛,涉及清教徒革命、政治义务、正义战争、分配正义等道德与政治哲学的所有重要领域。他的思想以对西方文明的深刻反思以及对政治观念与原则的细致分析享誉国际。他采用了一种介于语境主义与普遍主义之间的方法进行论述;深刻认识到自由主义并非共同体的对立面,而是对现代社会的特定情形做出回应时构建的一种共同体观念;哲学知识的统治在本质上是反民主的;民主与真理无关。     

Vertical cost information sharing in a supply chain with value-adding retailers

We consider a supply chain consisting of one supplier and two value-adding heterogeneous retailers. Each retailer has full knowledge about his own value-added cost structure that is unknown to the supplier and the other retailer. Assuming there is no horizontal information sharing between two retailers, we model the supply chain with a three-stage game-theoretic framework. In the first stage each retailer decides if he is willing to vertically disclose his private cost information to the supplier. In the second stage, given the information he has about the retailers, the supplier announces the wholesale price to the retailers. In response to the wholesale price, in the third stage, the retailers optimize their own retail prices and the values added to the product, respectively. Under certain conditions, we prove the existence of equilibrium prices and added values. Furthermore, we obtain the condition under which both retailers are unwilling to vertically share their private information with the supplier, as well as the conditions under which both retailers have incentives to reveal their cost information to the supplier, thus leading to a win–win situation for the whole supply chain.     

Status of an alien turtle in city park waters and its potential threats to local biodiversity: the red-eared slider in Beijing

Urban Ecosystems - Invasive alien species pose a serious threat to native biodiversity and the ecosystem structure through predation or competition, and this threat is especially severe in China....     

Optimal Contract Design for Mixed Channels Under Information Asymmetry

The mixed‐channel model is becoming increasingly popular in the marketplace. In this model, a firm selling through the traditional supply chain of wholesaler and retailer opens a direct channel to the customer through Internet sales. Because both channels have their respective advantages, the manufacturer is attracted to this business model. However, it also leads to channel conflict, with the retailer feeling threatened by direct competition. One way of eliminating the possibility of this channel conflict, where the retailer is allowed to add value to the product to differentiate its offering to the customers, is proposed in this paper. The retailer is also given full authority to make pricing decisions. This paper presents a model, under this scenario, of obtaining optimum pricing decisions by both parties, the amount of value added by the retailer, and the manufacturer's wholesale price to the retailer. Our model incorporates information asymmetry, where the manufacturer has incomplete information about the retailer's cost of adding value. We obtain closed‐form contracts with incomplete information and compare them with those with complete channel coordination. We also develop a number of managerial guidelines and identify future research topics.     

方块壮字研究史略

本文全面论述了方块壮字研究的历史,展示了各个时期方块壮字的研究成果,并对各个研究者和代表作以及他们的观点、建树进行了客观的评价,同时总结了方块壮字研究的理论和方法,以启迪后人的探索,从而进一步推进方块壮字的研究。     

无摩擦气缸活塞的结构变形分析

针对超低频悬挂装置刚体往复运动的无摩擦要求,设计了一套新颖的无摩擦气缸一活塞结构。建立了无摩擦气 缸一活塞应力计算模型,得到气缸和活塞结构应力计算公式。利用ANSYS Workhench建立无摩擦气缸一活塞的气膜仿真 计算模型,计算得到气膜沿活塞轴向的压力分布情况,利用单向流固耦合模块将气膜压力加载到无摩擦气缸一活塞上,基 于线性静力结构分析模块Static Structural计算无摩擦气缸一活塞应力和应变分布,对结果做出分析,对无摩擦气缸一活塞 结构不合理之处提出了解决方案。