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Charrettes have become popular in the urban design field, especially for use among multidisciplinary teams of professionals and non-professional community stakeholders seeking to incorporate a rich array of expertise in short visioning activities. Geographic Information Systems are among the technologies with potential to provide sophisticated spatial information to charrette participants efficiently. This article reports on a charrette carried out jointly by teams from Kobe University and the University of Washington, Seattle, USA, using GIS to inform urban design in three neighborhoods affected by the Great Hanshin–Awaji Earthquake of 1995 in Kobe, Japan. The article describes the charrette itself, and discusses the utility of GIS, given the challenges of disaster recovery in a context of undeveloped institutions for public participation, and with participants of different linguistic and educational backgrounds. In combination with electronically storable drawing technology, GIS proved useful in enlarging the multidisciplinary and cross-cultural reach of urban design; in incorporating new layers of pre-prepared expert data, and in combining such data with dynamically-generated “advice maps” and design ideas. For GIS-based charrettes to become more widely useful in community-scale design in Japan, however, additional property-scale data need to be available. 相似文献
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In Japan, as in other advanced industrial societies, user-helper relationships shaped by the Independent Living Movement have gradually been taking root. In this study, we interviewed 31 Center for Independent Living (CIL) consumers in Japan in order to explore the nature of the relationship between persons with disabilities influenced by IL ideals and their assistants. Interviews revealed three significant dimensions to the relationship—one functional, one interpersonal and one collective. The functional dimension of the relationship was expressed in a characterization of assistants as 'instruments', the interpersonal dimension in their characterization as 'employees' (a task-orientated aspect) and 'companions' (a socio-emotional aspect), and the collective dimension in the characterization of assistants as 'social assets'—individuals without disabilities who understand the ideals and demands of independent living. Participant responses also form the basis of our discussion of theoretical and practical implications for the building of user-helper relationships based within a user-centred agency in the context of Japanese medical and social services. 相似文献
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Abstract: The social and political environments surrounding patient-physician relationship have been changing in Japan for the last few decades. This paper aims to illustrate social and cultural factors that underlie current situations and problems of patient-physician relationship in Japan through a comparison with those in western countries, and to consider how mutual participation model of patient-physician relationship could be applied and fostered in Japan as well as other Asian cultures. Four major sociocultural factors are discussed in relation to the patient-physician relationship in Japan: (1) individualism versus collectivism; (2) low context versus high context; (3) femininity versus masculinity; and (4) Christianity versus Confucianism. Two key issues in discussing the mutual participation model of patient-physician relationship in Japan have emerged; the family and the communication style. The patient autonomy in Japan should be considered within the context of the triadic relationship of patient, family, and physician. Also, since the communication style might differ between Japan and western countries, communication training programs and interventions for medical professionals as well as for patients should be tailored in a culturally appropriate way in order to improve the communication in medical encounters and to achieve the mutual participation. Beyond mere advocacy of the patient autonomy, the mutual participation model of patient-physician relationship should be pursued within our social and cultural context to be truly fruitful for patients and physicians in Japan. 相似文献
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I Nyoman Widiarta Yoshito Suzuki Hiroichi Sawada Fusao Nakasuji 《Researches on Population Ecology》1990,32(2):319-328
Summary The population dynamics ofNephotettix virescens, a vector of rice tungro virus disease was investigated in a synchronized transplanting area at Jatisari (1984–1986), West
Java and in a staggered transplanting area at Sidan (1986–1988), Bali, Indonesia. The FARMCOP suction sampler was employed
for population censuses ofN. virescens and its natural enemies. The population growth pattern was affected by transplanting pattern: In the staggered transplanting
area, the population density increased from the immigrant generation to the first generation, and sharply decrease thereafter,
while in the synchronized transplanting area the population density often reached the highest peak in the second generation.
The degree of contageousness in the spatial distribution ofN. virescens was negatively correlated with population density of the immigrant generation.
Contribution from Indonesia-Japan Joint Program on Food Crop Protection 相似文献
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Relational‐Interdependent Self‐Construal and Gender Predicting Blood Pressure Reactivity and Recovery From Stress in Early Adolescence 下载免费PDF全文
Yoshito Kawabata Wan‐Ling Tseng Dianna Murray‐Close 《Journal of research on adolescence》2017,27(4):782-796
This study investigated the association between relational‐interdependent self‐construals (relational interdependence) and blood pressure reactivity and recovery from two types of peer stressors (i.e., relational and instrumental) and gender as a moderator of this association. One hundred and ninety‐six early adolescents (M = 10.11 years) reported their relational interdependence and participated in a laboratory stress protocol in which their systolic and diastolic blood pressures before, during, and after experiencing peer stressors were assessed. Results indicated that for males only, those with high relational interdependence showed greater systolic blood pressure reactivity and, at a trend level, impaired recovery from instrumental stressors; females with high relational interdependence showed greater diastolic blood pressure reactivity to relational stressors. 相似文献
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I Gusti Ngurah Aryawan I Nyoman Widiarta Yoshito Suzuki Fusao Nakasuji 《Researches on Population Ecology》1993,35(1):31-43
Summary Population dynamics ofNephotettix virescens was studied in 17 paddy fields transplanted at intervals of about 1 month in 1988–1990. The adult density was highest either
in the immigrant or the 1st generation and sharply decreased to the 2nd generation. The survival rate of the 1st generation
was lowest in the transition season when areal population density increased. Key factor analysis revealed that the nymphal
and adult mortality of the 1st generation (kn) was the principal source of population fluctuations. No significant correaltion
was found between kn and natural enemy density, natural enemy density/healthy egg density, or the precipitation during the
nymphal period. On these bases adult emigration was suspected to be the key factor. Areal population build-up ofN. virescens in the transition season was considered to occur as a result of increasing immigration to young stages of rice.
Contribution from Indonesia-Japan Joint Program on Food Crop Protection (ATA 162), which was implemented by the Directorate
of Food Crop Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesia and Japan International Cooperation Agency, Japan. 相似文献
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Daisuke Yamazaki 《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2019,89(11):2006-2030
It is known that several widely used structural change tests have non-monotonic power because the long-run variance is poorly estimated under the alternative hypothesis. In this paper, we propose a modified long-run variance estimator to alleviate this problem. We theoretically show that the tests with our long-run variance estimator are consistent against large multiple structural changes. Simulation results show that the proposed test performs well in finite samples. 相似文献
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Yoh Murayama Masami Hasebe Sachiko Yamazaki Jun Yamaguchi Erika Kobayashi 《Asian Social Work and Policy Review》2023,17(3):162-175
During the Coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19), working conditions became increasingly difficult for social workers, as they had to deal with new challenges and added workloads. This study describes the difficulties faced by social workers of the Self-Reliance Support System in Japan and clarifies the solution for each difficulty while conducting their duties to support vulnerable people during COVID-19. To this end, we conducted an open-ended questionnaire survey and an interview survey. The data were analyzed using qualitative coding. The results showed that the difficulties faced in consultation support work included supporting hitherto socially invisible groups such as sole traders and foreigners. Social workers also faced an ethical dilemma, as they could not provide support to clients who “did not try to solve their problems” or for whom “interventional attempts did not lead to counseling support” and who only sought benefits at the risk of becoming isolated and impoverished. Following this, consultants collaborated to resolve such difficulties while maximizing the use of various local resources. The study's findings clarify that it would be effective to understand the difficulties faced by social workers to obtain hints toward their resolution. 相似文献
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