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1.
Amid the rise of democratization movements since the 1980s, many governments in developing countries have proactively introduced the ideas of decentralization and devolution into the policy arena. In the pursuit of democratic planning processes where civil society is encouraged to be a part of the formal decision-making system, articles advocating the empowerment of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have been included into a series of legislations. This shift was soon reflected in housing development frameworks for the poor, leading to the formulation of a new approach called "enablement." The Philippines' experience for the last two decades follows this line of development. Filipino NGOs are now prescribed as a catalyst to add further dynamism to the improvement of substandard living environments. Empirical findings of this study exemplify that NGO empowerment has been increasingly accelerated by the combination of NGOs' self-endeavors and governments' initiatives. By utilizing the paradigm shift under the enablement approach, NGOs are engaged in the attempt of alliance-formation and network-building to expand their influence. Contrary to ideals, however, NGO empowerment may reveal some adverse effects such as excessive dependency on NGOs and distorted representation by NGOs. Moreover, the professionalization of NGOs is an additional factor which generates hierarchization at the grass-roots level. This study suggests that further research analyze the depth and width to which NGO empowerment has been penetrated in order to precisely capture the processes and consequences resulting in disempowerment. 相似文献
2.
Dexter R. Voisin Dongha Kim Lois Takahashi Phillip Morotta Kathryn Bocanegra 《Journal of social service research》2017,43(1):129-140
While researchers have found that African American youth experience higher levels of juvenile justice involvement at every system level (arrest, sentencing, and incarceration) relative to their other ethnic counterparts, few studies have explored how juvenile justice involvement and number of contacts might be correlated with this broad range of problems. A convenience sample of 638 African American adolescents living in predominantly low-income, urban communities participated in a survey related to juvenile justice involvement. Major findings using logistic regression models indicated that adolescents who reported juvenile justice system involvement versus no involvement were 2.3 times as likely to report mental health problems, substance abuse, and delinquent or youth offending behaviors. Additional findings documented that the higher the number of juvenile justice system contacts, the higher the rates of delinquent behaviors, alcohol and marijuana use, sex while high on drugs, and commercial sex. These findings suggest that identifying and targeting youth who have multiple juvenile justice system contacts, especially those in low-resourced communities for early intervention services, may be beneficial. Future research should examine whether peer network norms might mediate the relationships between juvenile justice involvement and youth problem behaviors. 相似文献
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Nobuo Takahashi 《Human Relations》1997,50(1):91-108
This paper refreshes an empirical examination ofthe garbage can model, particularly in a sample drawnfrom Japanese firms. The garbage can model oforganizational decision making was originally developed by Cohen, March, and Olsen (1972) to describeorganized anarchy. This paper incorporates twomethodologies in an attempt to both validate and extendthe garbage can model: Simulation is first used togenerate a research hypothesis, then several surveys areconducted to test that hypothesis and to empiricallydevelop an ex-post model of decision ambiguity, flight,and anarchy. The data support our hypothesis and we find out new conditions of ambiguity:(i) fluid participation, (ii) divorce of solution fromdiscussion, and (iii) job performance rather thansubjective assessments, which are clearly related to the simulation assumption of our single garbagecan model. By using our new conditions of ambiguity, wedevelop a measure of degree of anarchy, and theregression analysis indicates a linear relationship between the flight ratio and the degree ofanarchy. 相似文献
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We obtain first order asymptotic expansions for the distribution of the excess of a standard normal random walk over a curved boundary and the error probabilities of some repeated significance tests. The key step in the analysis is an asymptotic expansion for the conditional probability that the random walk has not crossed the boundary before the N step, given that it is near the boundary after the nth step. 相似文献
8.
Ana Maria Takahashi Shingo Takahashi Thomas N. Maloney 《The Social Science Journal》2018,55(3):245-272
To understand differences in labor market outcomes between genders, economists must examine a complex array of potentially significant factors, such as institutional context, productivity differences, child-bearing and home production, and bargaining behavior. Many of these factors are not well captured by standard data sources. We use a new survey of academics in Japan to better understand the sources of gender pay differences. We find a 6% pay gap which persists when we control for research productivity, despite an institutional context shaped by explicit salary tables. We do not find a motherhood wage penalty, and the gender salary we document is not affected by differences in outside job offers. 相似文献
9.
Global economic forces have been prompting the institutional changes in the public sector based on the market-oriented principles
and such changes greatly have affected the postal savings system in Japan. Postal savings system’s public roles were fundamentally
changed because of current administrative reform undertakings. In this article, firstly the role of collecting savings from
ordinary citizens for fiscal policies was reviewed and the assessment of this public role is conducted. Secondly, abolishment
of Universal Service Obligation due to the privatization of the postal savings system and the possible occurrence of Financial
Exclusion are analyzed.
Yuko Kaneko is Professor on the study of public administration at the University of Yamagata, Japan. She moved from the government to the university in 2005. Her working experiences include public management, administrative reform, administrative inspection, and study on local autonomy. She has been involved in the activities of the international organizations from the 1990s. Masahiko Metoki entered service in the government of Japan in the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications in 1983, immediately after graduation from the University of Tokyo (BA). He worked mainly for international cooperation in the fields of telecommunications and Postal Savings. He was also deeply involved in the activities of the United Postal Union as a chair of committees of postal financial services. He was transferred to JAPAN POST SERVICE Co., Ltd. on the occasion of Privatization of Japan Post. 相似文献
Masahiko MetokiEmail: |
Yuko Kaneko is Professor on the study of public administration at the University of Yamagata, Japan. She moved from the government to the university in 2005. Her working experiences include public management, administrative reform, administrative inspection, and study on local autonomy. She has been involved in the activities of the international organizations from the 1990s. Masahiko Metoki entered service in the government of Japan in the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications in 1983, immediately after graduation from the University of Tokyo (BA). He worked mainly for international cooperation in the fields of telecommunications and Postal Savings. He was also deeply involved in the activities of the United Postal Union as a chair of committees of postal financial services. He was transferred to JAPAN POST SERVICE Co., Ltd. on the occasion of Privatization of Japan Post. 相似文献
10.
Mari-Anna Yuko Bergeron 《Smith College studies in social work》2013,83(2-3):213-232
In this article, the author addresses the importance of considering the interface of institutional, sociopolitical, and relational trauma in clinical social work practice. Assessment and treatment are discussed using a clinical case composite drawn from the author's previous encounters in clinical social work practice. In this composite, the author uses a biopsychosocial-spiritual perspective and concepts such as intergenerational trauma and psychodynamic theories as a framework for gaining a deeper understanding of clients in social work practice. 相似文献