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Sarah E. Turner Thomas I. Nygren William G. Bowen 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》1993,4(1):73-94
An analysis of the field of higher education reveals a surprisingly large number of classification errors within the (US) National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities database. Of the nearly 4,000 non-profit entities coded within the universe of institutions of higher education, we estimate that approximately 60 per cent were incorrectly included (Type II errors). Institutions incorrectly excluded from the higher education universe (Type I errors) represent roughly 10 per cent of the institutions coded correctly. These errors result primarily from assigning codes on the basis of the names of organisations (for example, College Park Towers is classified as a college, when it is in fact a housing complex for senior citizens) and from trying too hard to assign codes in ambiguous situations. The consequences can be significant for the users of these data, and we recommend raising bright warning flags while simultaneously enlisting the help of the entire non-profit sector in improving the classification coding process.The authors are with The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. In addition to our colleagues on the staff of the Foundation, we wish to thank Helmut Anheier, Ted Bozovich, Harvey Dale, Virginia Hodgkinson, Stephen Noga and Christopher Toppe for helpful suggestions. 相似文献
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高等学校从产生的那一天起就面临着保守与创新的选择,但在近代化之前,高等学校远离社会而固守自己的象牙塔之时,这种选择的艰难性并不突出。当人类社会进入知识经济时代,高等学校所面临的选择就变得十分艰难。因此,正确处理好保守与创新的关系,是当代高等学校的重大战略决策,我国高等学校正处在这个关键时期。 相似文献
4.
改革开放以来,中国共产党立足中国基本国情,顺应世界科技经济发展趋势,全面总结国内外工业化的经验教训,逐步确立了继续完成工业化和推进信息化的双重工业化目标任务,并融为一体,相互促进,历经以市场化与工业化融合互动为中心和以信息化与工业化融合互动为中心的两个阶段探索,成功地探寻到了一条既适合本国国情又顺应时代潮流的中国特色社会主义工业化道路,实现了对社会主义国家传统工业化发展模式和西方发达国家传统工业化发展模式的双重超越,初步解决了在经济文化落后大国、工业化后起国、处于世界传统工业化向现代信息工业化转变过程中,如何实现中国工业化的崭新课题。 相似文献
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基于陕西省893份实地调研数据,运用Logit-ISM模型系统分析环境素养、非正式环境对农户参与人居环境整治意愿和行为的共同影响机理.结果表明:在环境素养方面,参与渠道、主动监督意识、整治责任意识对农户参与人居环境整治的高意愿低行为现象发挥显著影响;在非正式环境方面,村内整治工作受重视程度、个人贡献受重视程度、村组织支持力度、村内参与氛围同样发挥显著影响.其中,个人贡献受重视程度、村组织支持力度、村内参与氛围等非正式环境因素是深层根源影响因素,环境素养因素是表层直接影响因素.据此,建议加强环境整治知识培训和媒体宣传,提高农户环境素养水平;采取因地制宜、因类施策,鼓励通过群众管护、承包管护、社会化管护、制度管护等方式,创新农村人居环境整治长效管护机制;落实农村人居环境整治长效激励机制,激发农户参与人居环境整治的内生动力. 相似文献
6.
针对铝合金表面极易氧化生成结构疏松、耐腐蚀性差的氧化膜问题,利用阳极氧化法对2A96铝
合金表面进行防腐蚀处理。通过改变阳极氧化实验中的氧化电压,在2A96铝合金表面制备不同的阳极氧
化膜;利用金相显微镜观察各个阳极氧化膜的表面形貌、测厚仪测量其厚度、显微硬度计测定其硬度、
点滴实验获取其点滴时间、电化学工作站获取其极化曲线和交流阻抗谱,进而对阳极氧化膜的耐腐蚀性
进行研究。结果表明,在所测电压范围(8~16 V)内,随着电压的升高,阳极氧化膜的厚度、硬度、点
滴时间也逐渐增加,耐腐蚀性能也随之增强。2A96铝合金经过表面阳极化处理后,其性能显著提高。 相似文献
7.
介绍了利用计算机、激光打印机和制板机设计制作实验教学电路板的方法.即在单面覆铜板的铜面设计制作印制电路板熏在绝缘玻纤环氧树脂基面设计制作电路原理图.这是适于单件、小批量、新产品试制的双面制板工艺,它具有廉价快捷、操作简单、精度较高的特点.此外,还介绍了该电路板在实验教学中的应用情况. 相似文献
8.
The authors examined whether the perception of unequal relationship recognition ‐ a novel couple‐level minority stressor ‐ has negative consequences for mental health among same‐sex couples. Data were analyzed from a dyadic study of 100 same‐sex couples (200 individuals) in the United States. Being in a legal marriage was associated with lower perceived unequal recognition and better mental health; being in a registered domestic partnership or civil union—but not also legally married—was associated with greater perceived unequal recognition and worse mental health. Actor partner interdependence models tested associations between legal relationship status, unequal relationship recognition, and mental health (nonspecific psychological distress, depressive symptomatology, and problematic drinking), net controls (age, gender, race and ethnicity, education, and income). Unequal recognition was consistently associated with worse mental health, independent of legal relationship status. Legal changes affecting relationship recognition should not be seen as simple remedies for addressing the mental health effects of institutionalized discrimination. 相似文献
9.
Unmet needs for mental health care are common among caregivers involved in the child welfare system. Although child welfare caseworkers are well positioned to identify service needs and refer caregivers to treatment, little is known about the types of referral strategies used in practice, or their effectiveness for promoting mental health service use. The current study examined child welfare caseworkers' use of different referral strategies and the extent to which these strategies are associated with caregivers' receipt of mental health services within a national sample of child welfare cases. Analyses of the second cohort of families from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being suggest that child welfare workers more often use informational strategies for referring caregivers, including suggesting treatment or providing information about treatment options. However, social referral strategies such as providing caregivers with direct assistance in completing applications and making and attending appointments were associated with a greater likelihood of caregivers receiving mental health services. Findings support evidence from other service contexts that service use is facilitated by caseworkers' direct support for arranging services. Implications for research and for child welfare managers and administrators are discussed. 相似文献
10.
目前,有关我国地方债务问题的研究备受关注.民族地区地方政府债务形成和发展与全国具有同步性,但债务压力和债务风险比全国大部分地区形势要严重,其主要来源于“吃饭财政”、土地财政、地方政府融资平台以及自然灾害和其他突发经济社会事件的影响.从理论研究层面和数据实证层面都可以看出,民族地区地方政府债务规模较大、增长较快,且县级债务负担更重,信用违约风险概率更高.因此,应高度重视民族地区地方债务问题,以求尽量客观、完整、准确评价债务风险,全面提高债务管理水平. 相似文献