伸展构造背景下倾角资料的构造解释

系统总结了在伸展构造背景下，导致反映构造特征的地层倾角模式复杂化的多种因素。沉积相的不同、岩性变化、井眼状况和测井作业时间等多种因素都可能使地层倾角资料复杂化。进一步指出在拉张盆地中，进行倾角资料的构造解释，必须了解其构造样式的多样性和复杂性，解释存在的多解性。重点解剖了铲式断层在横剖面情况下，对于不同构造位置下的倾角模式。详细分析了一个倾角模式对应多种构造样式的倾角构造解释实例。倾角资料的构造解释应是综合解释，既要综合井筒的相关地质资料，又要综合测井与地质知识，还必须考虑综合地震资料。     

Modifications of sequential designs in bioequivalence trials

Bioequivalence (BE) studies are designed to show that two formulations of one drug are equivalent and they play an important role in drug development. When in a design stage, it is possible that there is a high degree of uncertainty on variability of the formulations and the actual performance of the test versus reference formulation. Therefore, an interim look may be desirable to stop the study if there is no chance of claiming BE at the end (futility), or claim BE if evidence is sufficient (efficacy), or adjust the sample size. Sequential design approaches specially for BE studies have been proposed previously in publications. We applied modification to the existing methods focusing on simplified multiplicity adjustment and futility stopping. We name our method modified sequential design for BE studies (MSDBE). Simulation results demonstrate comparable performance between MSDBE and the original published methods while MSDBE offers more transparency and better applicability. The R package MSDBE is available at https://sites.google.com/site/modsdbe/ . Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

如何促进产业集群发展?——美国亚利桑那州产业集群发展模式分析

1980年代末至1990年代初,美国亚利桑那州经济遭遇严重衰退,地区经济发展面临转型压力。1992年,亚利桑那州实施了产业集群战略,成功推动了地区经济的复苏和转型,并使其成为之后十余年美国经济增长最快的地区之一。通过对亚利桑那州产业集群战略的制定、调整和集群发展特征的深入分析发现,亚利桑那州产业集群的发展得益于科学的战略设计和以"技术密集型中小企业+企业网络组织"为双驱动的发展模式,而政府在这一过程中只扮演着"组织者"和"协调者"的角色。这对中国产业集群的发展具有重要的借鉴意义。     

自杀和生命的意义——来自脑科学研究的解读

生命本身是一个随机事件，并不具有高尚的意义。进化的结果使人类可通过工作、家庭和人际关系等给予自己的生命以意义感。当我们的生活方式使脑内奖赏系统获得刺激，就会带来生命具有意义的感受，这种感受给人带来更好的生存机会。生存的欲望是一切生物体最具特征的属性，一些精神疾病患者缺乏这种欲望。自杀主要发生于精神疾病患者，它并非是基于自由意志的行为。抗精神病治疗和适当的社会交往可以预防自杀。由于不同个体有着不同的大脑，人们的生活方式就应该去适应各自大脑的特征。只要人们的生活方式不对他人造成过多的伤害，政府就应该允许和保护人们自由地按照各自的方式生活。     

Book Review: Restless Nation: Starting Over in America. By James M. Jasper. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. 296 pages,hardcover, ISBN: 0-226-39478-6

Qualitative Sociology -     

Measures of Multigroup Segregation

In this paper we derive and evaluate measures of multigroup segregation. After describing four ways to conceptualize the measurement of multigroup segregation—as the disproportionality in group (e.g., race) proportions across organizational units (e.g., schools or census tracts), as the strength of association between nominal variables indexing group and organizational unit membership, as the ratio of between–unit diversity to total diversity, and as the weighted average of two–group segregation indices—we derive six multigroup segregation indices: a dissimilarity index (D), a Gini index (G), an information theory index (H), a squared coefficient of variation index (C), a relative diversity index (R), and a normalized exposure index (P). We evaluate these six indices against a set of seven desirable properties of segregation indices. We conclude that the information theory index H is the most conceptually and mathematically satisfactory index, since it alone obeys the principle of transfers in the multigroup case. Moreover, H is the only multigroup index that can be decomposed into a sum of between– and within–group components.     

学习国外经验搞好土地规划

土地是财富之母,是人类社会赖以生存和发展的基础.随着我国经济建设的飞速发展和城市化进程的加快,城市建设用地与农业用地之间的矛盾日益尖锐,城市土地利用结构和布局不合理的问题也相当突出,这些都迫切要求进行科学合理的城市土地利用总体规划.城市土地利用总体规划是在一定时期内对城市范围内全部土地的综合利用所做的统筹安排和长远规划.它包括对城市建设用地与城市非建设用地的规划,当然同一级的农业区划也包括对这部分农业用地的规划.搞好城市土地利用总体规划意义重大,它能有效调节城市建设用地与农业用地之间的矛盾;有利于调整城市土地的结构和布局;也能加强城市土地供给的宏观调控,促进城市房地产业的健康发展.     

Fire and restoration of the largest urban forest of the world in Rio de Janeiro City,Brazil

National Park of Tijuca in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) is about 3,300 ha and considered the largest urban forest in the world. Its floristic composition is typical of Atlantic Rain Forest. The reserve is being altered because of fire occurrences and urban expansion. This study identified locations and causes of forest fires, and makes management recommendations to restore damaged areas. From 1991 to 2000, forest firefighters recorded an average of 75-fire occurrences/year. Identified causes included hot air balloons (24%), intentional (24%), rubbish burning (21%) and religious practices (17%). Primary fuels included invasive grasses and ferns. Although hot air balloons destroyed larger areas of forest in each occurrence, a greater number of fires started in the invasive vegetation along roads that bisect the forest. In response to recurrent forests, invasive vegetation has spread gradually into the forest increasing forest degradation. To decrease fire damage, sites with high fire frequencies and density of invasive vegetation were planted with less flammable species. Results indicate that fire frequency decreased and density of invasive vegetation declined. This approach appears to prevent fire incidence, reduce the need for fire fighting, and preserve existing biodiversity.     

对开拓中医药成人高等教育潜在市场的思考

我国的成人高等教育 ,在实现从计划经济到市场经济转变后 ,出现了前所未有的竞争场面。作为行业性很强的中医药成人高等教育 ,要想生存和进一步发展 ,必须在积极参加市场竞争的同时 ,根据自身的优势和特点 ,从社会发展的高度 ,大力开拓潜在市场 ,努力寻找中医药成人高等教育的发展空间     

试论农业生物基因工程技术产业化

农业生物基因工程技术产业化尚处在起步阶段 ,但是已经呈现迅猛发展势头。到目前为止 ,很多种农作物已经有了不同改良性状的转基因新品种 ,部分农作物的不同改良性状的转基因新品种已经进入商品化种植 ,并且商品化种植的面积逐年扩大。转基因农作物商品化种植面积主要分布在发达国家 ,广大发展中国家分布面积不大。农业生物基因工程技术产业化跳出了以前农业生产的基本思路 ,通过改造农作物以增强其适应不良环境的能力来发展农业生产。农业生物基因工程技术产业化面临人们对农业生物基因工程技术产业化是否会危害人类和环境的担心、农业生物基因工程技术不完善、农业生物基因工程技术研究和开发体制落后等问题。需要从强化农业生物基因工程技术安全管理和知识宣传、强化农业生物基因工程技术研究、深化农业生物基因工程技术研究和开发体制改革等方面解决这些问题