农民工权利意识的生产与再生产——一个社会组织化的视角

社会组织培育公民权利意识的西方经验模式为破解我国变迁社会农民工权利意识低水平发展的困境提供了有益的启示。但由于中西方组织环境的巨大差异,对这一问题的研究需要立足于当代中国的社会组织化进程。本文探讨的中心问题是,在转型期国家与社会关系重构的背景下,具有中国特色的社会组织化怎样影响农民工权利意识的生产与再生产,而提高农民工的权利意识应对社会的组织化提出了何种要求?     

Comparison of Ordinary and Penalized Power-Divergence Test Statistics for Small and Moderate Samples in Three-Way Contingency Tables via Simulation

In this article, size and power properties of the ordinary and penalized power-divergence test statistics have been compared to test a nested sequence of log-linear models for various penalization and λ values. 2 × 2 × 2 contingency tables distributed according to a multinomial distribution are considered. The simulation study results reveal that the penalized power-divergence test statistics with penalization value of one and λ = ?1.5, ?2 are the best choices for small and moderate samples, respectively.     

Assessing the Imprint of the Long-gone Hapsburg Empire's Border on the Romanian Students' Migration Intentions

This article aims to identify if belonging to one side or another of the former Hapsburg Empire's border matters in relation to migration intentions. Based on a survey of 3,051 students enrolled at three Romanian universities, and using geo-referencing, data mining tools, logistic regressions and prediction nomograms, we found that students who have their homes in different parts, depending on this historical border, manifest different sensitivity levels towards recognition of their own value and the poor quality of public institutions and services, as they have different perceptions concerning the role of individual freedom, parental role models, the work ethic and interpersonal trust. These differences further generate opposite migration intentions for the two sub-samples. Therefore, students who have their homes in the former Empire's area have lower migration intentions than those outside it, despite their proximity to the western borders. The results suggest various economic and non-economic determinants as important predictors of migration intentions.     

Bayesian model averaging for dynamic panels with an application to a trade gravity model

We extend the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) framework to dynamic panel data models with endogenous regressors using a Limited Information Bayesian Model Averaging (LIBMA) methodology. Monte Carlo simulations confirm the asymptotic performance of our methodology both in BMA and selection, with high posterior inclusion probabilities for all relevant regressors, and parameter estimates very close to their true values. In addition, we illustrate the use of LIBMA by estimating a dynamic gravity model for bilateral trade. Once model uncertainty, dynamics, and endogeneity are accounted for, we find several factors that are robustly correlated with bilateral trade. We also find that applying methodologies that do not account for either dynamics or endogeneity (or both) results in different sets of robust determinants.     

Comparison of PLS algorithms when number of objects is much larger than number of variables

NIPALS and SIMPLS algorithms are the most commonly used algorithms for partial least squares analysis. When the number of objects, N, is much larger than the number of explanatory, K, and/or response variables, M, the NIPALS algorithm can be time consuming. Even though the SIMPLS is not as time consuming as the NIPALS and can be preferred over the NIPALS, there are kernel algorithms developed especially for the cases where N is much larger than number of variables. In this study, the NIPALS, SIMPLS and some kernel algorithms have been used to built partial least squares regression model. Their performances have been compared in terms of the total CPU time spent for the calculations of latent variables, leave-one-out cross validation and bootstrap methods. According to the numerical results, one of the kernel algorithms suggested by Dayal and MacGregor (J Chemom 11:73–85, 1997) is the fastest algorithm.     

Sufficient m-out-of-n (m/n) bootstrap

Traditional resampling methods for estimating sampling distributions sometimes fail, and alternative approaches are then needed. For example, if the classical central limit theorem does not hold and the naïve bootstrap fails, the m/n bootstrap, based on smaller-sized resamples, may be used as an alternative. An alternative to the naïve bootstrap, the sufficient bootstrap, which uses only the distinct observations in a bootstrap sample, is another recently proposed bootstrap approach that has been suggested to reduce the computational burden associated with bootstrapping. It works as long as naïve bootstrap does. However, if the naïve bootstrap fails, so will the sufficient bootstrap. In this paper, we propose combining the sufficient bootstrap with the m/n bootstrap in order to both regain consistent estimation of sampling distributions and to reduce the computational burden of the bootstrap. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for asymptotic normality of the proposed method, and propose new values for the resample size m. We compare the proposed method with the naïve bootstrap, the sufficient bootstrap, and the m/n bootstrap by simulation.     

Influences of misspecification on asymptotic relative efficiency of coefficients of determination: Application to agriculture

Violation of correct specification may cause some undesirable results such as biased logistic regression coefficients and less efficient test statistics. In this paper, asymptotic relative efficiency (ARE) of various coefficients of determination in misspecified binary logistic regression models is investigated. Seven types of misspecification have been included. ARE of test statistics for exponential and Weibull distributions as a method of calculating optimal cutpoints is derived to demonstrate misspecification. Theoretical relationships between coefficients of determination have also been analyzed. Extensive simulations using bootstrap method and a real data application reveal more efficient one under various modeling scenarios.     

Shameless Accounts: Against Psychological Subjectivity and Vulnerable Femininity Among Prisoners’ Wives in Israel

This article examines the accounts of prisoners’ wives in Israel regarding their relationships with social workers. Meetings with social workers are mandatory for wives to obtain benefits for their husbands and children. The principal findings describe the overt objection by the prisoners’ wives to the psychological discourse that the social workers offer, as well as the therapeutic subjectivity ideal, and the vulnerable femininity that accompanies this discourse. Furthermore, the article reveals the agentic decisions by these prisoners’ wives to switch from one resistance strategy (overt resistance) to another (compromise attempts), and then a third (strategic passing). The discussion section depicts the research singularity of our article in the context of the link between welfare, therapeutic governance, and resistance.     

Power-Divergence Test Statistics for Testing Linear by Linear Association

Power-divergence test statistics have been considered to test linear by linear association for two-way contingency tables. These test statistics have been compared based on designed simulation study and asymptotic results for 2 × 2, 2 × 3, and 3 × 3 tables. According to the results, there are test statistics with better properties than the well-known likelihood ratio test statistic for small and moderate samples.     

Factors supporting resilience during out-of-home care: Experiences of former child welfare clients in Finland

This study aimed to identify factors supporting young people's resilience during out-of-home care (OOHC) in Finland, despite challenges in their lives. In our qualitative study, we applied a social-ecological framework to understand the experiences and perspectives of young people on what helped them and the help they would have needed during OOHC. The findings indicate (1) individual characteristics and interests (positive attitude, understanding own acts and their consequences and meaningful activities), (2) relationships (good relationships with close ones, ability to meet and keep contact with close ones, good relationships with professionals and relationships between parents and professionals) and (3) institutions (place of OOHC, youth-centered practices, needs-based services and support for the family) all supported the resilience of young people in OOHC. Further, to receive support from a particular medium, such as professionals (relationship level), a young person must already have some self-understanding (individual level) of things. Essentially, youth resilience is supported through all these levels as a process.