Child Care Arrangements,Division of Household Labor and Other Employment Based Familial Predictors of Marital Adjustment Among Husbands of Employed Females in Pakistan

The primary purpose of the current study was to investigate the influence of division of household labor, child care arrangements, wife’s financial contribution, work-schedule of wife, perception of wife employment and wife’s work preference were contributing to marital adjustment of husbands of working married women. Additionally, it explored the role of wife’s financial contribution, perception of wife’s employment and wife’s work preference in formation of marital adjustment among husbands of working women. The data were collected through a self-structured questionnaire from 283 husbands of employed married women with one year of marital duration and at least one child. The data were collected from the city of Gujrat, province of Punjab, Pakistan. Factor analysis was run for reliability and validity analysis was executed to examine the validity of the existing scales used in the current study. Multiple linear regression analysis was used for model fit. Division of household labor, child care arrangements, wife’s financial contributions, wife’s work-schedule, the perception of wife’s employment, and wife’s work preferences contributed to the marital adjustment of husbands of working married women. Our results seemed to reflect fluctuating dimensions of gender role ideologies among families. Incorporating new predictors of marital adjustment into literature of marriage and family has been a sociological significance of the current study.     

The role of apathy,personal insecurity,and socio-economic status in formation of risk-taking behavior among university students

The primary purpose of the current study was to explore the role of apathy and personal insecurity in risk-taking behavior among university students. Furthermore, it examined the influence of socio-economic factors (such as age, gender, and education) on risk-taking behavior. For this purpose, 882 university students elicited their responses through self-structured questionnaire. Factor analysis and reliability analysis were applied to test the reliability, validity, and robustness of scales. Bivariate analysis was used to test hypothesis, independent T-test was used to examine the differences in categories of risk-taking behavior, and multiple linear regression was used to scrutinize model fit. There was association between apathy, personal insecurity, socio-economic characteristics (such as gender, education, and father education) and risk-taking behavior of the university students. The current study would add to empirical foundation to build a theoretical framework of risk-taking behavior based on education, age, income, and residential background. This study contributes to the academic scholarship by explaining individual differences based on socio-economic status in prediction of risk-taking behavior. Furthermore, it provides a different theoretical insight and logical explanation of risk-taking propensity for constructs of apathy and personal insecurity. To the best knowledge of the researchers, it is first study to explain the association apathy, personal insecurity and risk-taking behavior through quantification of data among resourceful group of youth.     

Confidence intervals on the intraclass correlation in the unbalanced one-way classification

Several methods are compared for constructing confidence intervals on the intraclass correlation coefficient in the unbalanced one-way classification. The results suggest that a conservative approximation of the exact procedure developed by Wald (1940) can be used for hand calculations, When the exact solution is desired, a solution procedure is recommended that is computationally convenient and allows the investigator to determine the precision of the estimate. In cases where a prior estimate of the correlation is available, researchers may select intervals based on either the analysis of variance or unweighted sums of squares estimator.     

Standard errors for the Laspeyres index number with autocorrelated error models

This paper deals with the stochastic approach to Laspeyres price index number with the assumption of serial correlation of orders 1 and 2. The first round of estimation provides the estimates of Laspeyres index numbers in the presence of serial correlation assuming that variance is independent of time. In the second round of estimation, we use the weighted least square approach to derive the standard errors of Laspeyres index number assuming variance is dependent on time. These standard errors are linked to the variability of relative prices and are simple to evaluate. It shows that the larger index numbers are expected to estimate with less degree of precision. The results are illustrated with price data of Pakistan.