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In a previous paper Gastwirth shows that a broad family of measures of inequality can be accurately estimated when the tax data are known in groups (more precisely, when we know the number of returns in each of several class intervals and their corresponding average income). In the present paper we show that some measures of the preceding family can be unbiasedly estimated when the tax data are individually known for a sample from the population. Specifically, we construct unbiased estimators of a particular measure of inequality in the samplings with and without replacement, and in the stratified samplings with and without replacement. 相似文献
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Covadonga Meseguer Sandra Ley J. Eduardo Ibarra-Olivo 《Journal of ethnic and migration studies》2017,43(13):2169-2192
We explore at the municipality level how the climate of criminal violence has affected the flow of remittances to Mexico. Using a panel of municipalities in the years 2006 and 2010, we find that drug-related crimes and overall rates of homicides have reduced the percentage of families that receive remittances. This result is robust to controlling for net migration, political variables, and traditional socioeconomic explanations of remittance sending. It is also robust to potential threats to validity. We interpret this result as suggestive of self-interested concerns when sending money home amidst a climate of rampant violence. Nonetheless, mixed motivations to remit are evident in our analysis. 相似文献
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Letizia Caso Fridanna Maricchiolo Marino Bonaiuto Aldert Vrij Samantha Mann 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2006,30(1):1-19
The present experiment examined the relationship between different types of discourse linked hand movements and deception.
Hand gestures were experimentally studied during truth telling and deception, and in situations with either weak or strong
suspicion. Participants (128 Italian psychology students) were interviewed twice about the possession of an object. In one
interview they were asked to lie and in the other asked to tell the truth (veracity factor). In both conditions, suspicion
was raised after the interview: Participants were accused of lying by the interviewer and asked to repeat their account a
second time (suspicion factor). Results indicate that lying was associated with a decrease in deictic gestures, and an increase
in metaphoric gestures (main effect of veracity). Also a decrease in self-adaptor gestures was found. Strong suspicion was
associated with an increase in metaphoric, rhythmic, and deictic gestures and a decrease in self-adaptor, emblematic, and
cohesive gestures (main effect of suspicion). No interaction effect was found.
Letizia Caso is affiliated with the Department of Human Sciences, University of Bergamo, Sede di S. Agostino, Piazzale della
Fara 2, Bergamo, Italy.
Fridanna Maricchiolo and Marino Bonaiuto are affiliated with the Department of Socialization and Developmental Psychology,
University of Rome “La Sapienza”, via dei Marsi, 78, Rome, Italy.
Aldert Vrij and Samantha Mann are affiliated with the Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building,
Portsmouth, United Kingdom.
Address correspondence to Letizia Caso Department of Human Sciences, University of Bergamo, Sede di S. Agostino, piazzale
della Fara 2, Bergamo, Italy, e-mail: letizia.caso@uniroma1.it. 相似文献
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In previous papers the problem of estimating the Gini-Simpson index of diversity for large populations has been considered by using random samplings with and without replacement, Nevertheless, the populations to which this estimation is usually applied (e.g., anthropoiogicai, ecological, linguistic and sociological populations) often arise naturally stratified. In this paper we first construct unbiased estimators of the Gini-Simpson index from a sample drawn according to a stratified sampling with proportional allocation and independently in different strata. Then, we determine the standard error of such estimators. The advantages of the stratification in estimating diversity are later confirmed by means of a practical example. We finally suggest complementary studies that could be additionally developed. 相似文献
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