THE SAMPLING VARIANCE OF THE RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF INDIRECT TO DIRECT SELECTION WHEN USING VARIANCE-COVARIANCE COMPONENTS

A formula to compute the sampling variance of the relative efficiency of indirect to direct selection is developed for the case when the genetic and phenotypic components are estimated from the analyses of variance and covariance. This formula holds provided that the genetic and phenotypic variances and covariances are bounded away from zero. It is also assumed that the number of offspring per mating group, k , is constant. The effect of varying k values and the distribution of the ratio estimator of indirect to direct selection, û, are briefly discussed. An example from an expriment using Tribolium castaneum is also given.     

“It will help me in life,that my life will be better”: Future Challenges for Children of Migrant Families

Not much attention has been paid to the children of migrant families in the receiving Israeli society. Our research focuses on how migrant children cope with future orientation and challenges how those children perceive their future course of life. This study speaks with the voices of the children, as represented in their personal stories and interviews, and reveals their interpretation of their futures, their integration in the receiving society, and the significance they accord to the events, activities and experiences they have undergone. Our findings reveal that in the area of future life course the children expressed a positive approach to school, to matriculation, to work and fulfilling future ambitions. In contrast in the area of existential life course children expressed a negative view and most of them reported that it is difficult for immigrant families live in Israel, and therefore they would prefer to migrate to another country.