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Does Privatization Protect Natural Resources? Property Rights and Forests in Guatemala 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Objectives . Property rights are central to debates about natural resource policy. Governments traditionally have been seen as the appropriate custodians of natural resources for their citizens. More recently, many argue the privatization of property rights will ensure that users have incentives to manage their resources well. Common property, to the extent it is discussed at all, is seen as leading to the tragedy of the commons. We evaluate these claims by assessing property rights and forest conditions in two private and three communal forests in Guatemala. Methods . Data on biological and social phenomena from five forests (151 plots) and their associated communities were collected using the International Forestry Resources and Institutions Research Program protocols. Ordinary least squares regression was used to analyze four models. We examined t -scores for differences in coefficients for the different models. Results . The models demonstrate that de jure property rights are not a powerful predictor of variations among the sampled forests. Conclusions . We argue that de facto institutions and their enforcement are much more important than de jure property rights to forest management. Communities holding a forest in common can, under certain circumstances, create institutions to manage their resources as successfully as—or more successfully than—private owners. 相似文献
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Fabrice Gamboa Jean-Michel Loubes Paul Rochet 《Journal of statistical planning and inference》2011,141(1):305-317
Calibration methods have been widely studied in survey sampling over the last decades. Viewing calibration as an inverse problem, we extend the calibration technique by using a maximum entropy method. Finding the optimal weights is achieved by considering random weights and looking for a discrete distribution which maximizes an entropy under the calibration constraint. This method points a new frame for the computation of such estimates and the investigation of its statistical properties. 相似文献
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Fabrice Philippe 《Statistical Papers》2002,43(1):95-110
Generalizing risk, imprecise risk is a situation where available objective information is expressible by a lower probability.
We study properties of certain lower probabilities in metrizable spaces. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for
stability of their cores under image and mixture, which are useful features in applying Expected Utility Theory under imprecise
risk.
Received: December 2000; revised version: March 2001 相似文献
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Theory and Decision - Whereas the literature on choice overload has shown that people tend to defer their choice or experience less satisfaction under choice proliferation, this paper aims to test... 相似文献
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Michèle Cohen Alain Chateauneuf Eric Danan Thibault Gajdos Raphaël Giraud Meglena Jeleva Fabrice Philippe Jean-Marc Tallon Jean-Christophe Vergnaud 《Theory and Decision》2011,71(1):1-10
Tribute to Jean-Yves Jaffray by the French Group of Decision Theory. 相似文献
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Condorcet efficiency: A preference for indifference 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Condorcet winner in an election is the candidate who would be able to defeat all other candidates in a series of pairwise elections. The Condorcet efficiency of a voting procedure is the conditional probability that it will elect the Condorcet winner, given that a Condorcet winner exists. The study considers the Condorcet efficiency of weighted scoring rules (WSR's) on three candidates for large electorates when voter indifference between candidates is allowed. It is shown that increasing the proportion of voters who have partial indifference will increase the probability that a Condorcet winner exists, and will also increase the Condorcet efficiency of all WSR's. The same observation is observed when the proportion of voters with complete preferences on candidates is reduced. Borda Rule is shown to be the WSR with maximum Condorcet efficiency over a broad range of assumptions related to voter preferences. The result of forcing voters to completely rank all candidates, by randomly breaking ties on candidates that are viewed as indifferent, leads to a reduction in the probability that a Condorcet winner exists and to a reduction in the Condorcet efficiency of all WSR's. Received: 31 July 1999/Accepted: 11 February 2000 相似文献
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This note comments on a paper published by Wagner and Davis [Decision Sciences (2001), 32(4), 557–573]. These authors present an integer‐programming model for the single‐item discrete sequential search problem with group activities. Based on their experiments, they conjecture that the problem can be solved as a linear program. In this note, we provide a counterexample for which the optimal value of the linear program they propose is different from the optimal value of the integer‐programming model, hence contradicting their conjecture for the specific linear program that they specify. To the best of our knowledge, the conjecture settled in this note was still an open question. 相似文献