Competitive industrial marketing strategies

This paper argues that for firms marketing industrial goods, the terms—system, product, service and commodity—are better employed to characterize the way the firm competes rather than any intrinsic attributes of what it markets. It is shown that the same hardware can be transacted as a system, service, product of commodity, and the nature of the most popular transaction changes over time. The nature of these shifts and how the firm needs to match its strategy to reflect them are discussed, and the special case of diversified firms in industries subject to rapid transaction shifts is taken up. It is suggested that for such firms a divisional structure based on the type of transaction—‘transaction divisions’—rather than the conventional Product Type divisions may make the firm better able not only to match its strategy to such shifts but also better able to anticipate them.     

Effects of non-normality on the power function in a one-way random model

The effects of non-normality on type-I and type-II errors in a one-way random model are investigated for moderate departures from normality. It is found that the probabilities of both errors are more sensitive to the kurtosis of between group effects than that of within group effects.     

The strong uniform convergence of multivariate variable kernel estimates

We show that sup, completely as, where f is a uniformly continuous density on are independent random vectors with common density f, and f_n is the variable kernel estimate Here H_ni is the distance between X_i and its kth nearest neighbour, K is a given density satisfying some regularity conditions, and k is a sequence of integers with the property that log asn     

Bernoulli Processes with Non-Positive Correlations

We deal with sequences of dependent Bernoulli variables with non positive correlations. Some special models for 1-dependent and 2-dependent 0–1 valued variables are analyzed, namely Bernoulli variables obtained by clipping a linear combination of iid variables. Formulas describing dependence of their correlation function on the clipping parameters are derived. The lower bound for the sum of autocorrelations of Bernoulli variables obtained by clipping a Gaussian process is provided.     

A generalized improvement procedure for variance bounds for minimum variance unbiased estimator in inverse sampling

New bounds are obtained for the variance of the minimum variance unbiased estimator of p i n inverse sampling. A generalized procedure for further improving the bounds is also discussed.     

Methods for calculating stationary distribution in linear models of time series

The article deals with methods for computing the stationary marginal distribution in linear models of time series. Two approaches are described. First, an algorithm based on approximation of solution of the corresponding integral equation is briefly reviewed. Then, we study the limit behaviour of the partial sums c ₁ η₁+c ₂ η₂+···+c _n η _n where η _i are i.i.d. random variables and c _i real constants. We generalize procedure of Haiman (1998) [Haiman, G., 1998, Upper and lower bounds for the tail of the invariant distribution of some AR(1) processes. Asymptotic Methods in Probability and Statistics, 45, 723–730.] to an arbitrary causal linear process and relax the assumptions of his result significantly. This is achieved by investigating the properties of convolution of densities.     

Puerto Rican drug users experiences of physical and sexual abuse: comparisons based on sexual identities

This study integrates the results of quantitative and qualitative methods to elucidate the association between sexual identity and physical and sexual abuse among Puerto Rican drug users. A structured questionnaire was administered to 800 subjects in New York and 399 in Puerto Rico. A total of 93 subjects (7.9%) self-identified as homosexual or bisexual. Gay males were significantly more likely than heterosexual males to report first occurrence of physical abuse by a family member in childhood. Both gay and bisexual males were more likely than their heterosexual counterparts to report first experiencing unwanted sex in childhood and intimate partner physical abuse later in life. Lesbians were more likely than female heterosexuals to report unwanted sex in childhood. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth life histories with 21 subjects and suggest that gay and lesbian subjects perceive antihomosexual prejudice on the part of family members as one cause of childhood physical and sexual abuse.     

凝胶色谱图象计算机分析技术用于DNA检测的实验研究

用计算机图象分析技术对凝胶色谱图象进行分析从而获得DNA分子量和其它参数 构成了数字化凝胶色谱图象计算机系统分析系统。本文介绍了该项技术的实验仪器构成、工作原理及国内外有关的最新发展情况 并结合临床实验给出了实验分析结果。