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The Early Development Instrument (EDI; Janus and Offord in Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 39:1–22, 2007) project is a Canadian population-level, longitudinal research project, in which teacher ratings of Kindergarten children’s
early development and wellbeing are linked to health and academic achievement variables at the individual level, and to demographic,
cultural, and socioeconomic variables at the community level. In this article, we draw from Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological
theory of human development to create a coherent theoretical framework for guiding validation research within a population-level
approach to child development research in general and for the EDI project in particular. The discussion draws from a range
of social and health sciences as well as validity theory. The paper seeks to align complex conceptual, theoretical, methodological,
and psychometric considerations, to provide specific design, methodology, and validation recommendations for a population-level
approach to studying children’s development and wellbeing, and to discuss the strengths and challenges of this approach. 相似文献
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Hillel Bar-Gera 《The American statistician》2017,71(2):112-119
R-squared (R2) and adjusted R-squared (R2Adj) are sometimes viewed as statistics detached from any target parameter, and sometimes as estimators for the population multiple correlation. The latter interpretation is meaningful only if the explanatory variables are random. This article proposes an alternative perspective for the case where the x’s are fixed. A new parameter is defined, in a similar fashion to the construction of R2, but relying on the true parameters rather than their estimates. (The parameter definition includes also the fixed x values.) This parameter is referred to as the “parametric” coefficient of determination, and denoted by ρ2*. The proposed ρ2* remains stable when irrelevant variables are removed (or added), unlike the unadjusted R2, which always goes up when variables, either relevant or not, are added to the model (and goes down when they are removed). The value of the traditional R2Adj may go up or down with added (or removed) variables, either relevant or not. It is shown that the unadjusted R2 overestimates ρ2*, while the traditional R2Adj underestimates it. It is also shown that for simple linear regression the magnitude of the bias of R2Adj can be as high as the bias of the unadjusted R2 (while their signs are opposite). Asymptotic convergence in probability of R2Adj to ρ2* is demonstrated. The effects of model parameters on the bias of R2 and R2Adj are characterized analytically and numerically. An alternative bi-adjusted estimator is presented and evaluated. 相似文献
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This paper examines the impact of migration on educational attainment in rural Mexico. Using historical migration rates to
instrument for current migration, we find evidence of a significant negative effect of migration on schooling attendance and
attainment. IV-censored ordered probits show that living in a migrant household lowers the chances of boys completing junior
high school and of boys and girls completing high school. We find that the observed decrease in schooling of 16- to 18-year-olds
is accounted for by current migration of boys and increased housework for girls. 相似文献
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Hillel Schmidt 《Social Policy & Administration》1992,26(3):245-253
The paper focusses upon strategies of adaptation to changing environments adopted by human service organizations. It analyses the influence of the task environment and of the organization's ideology upon the choice of strategies in general, and upon the issue of generalism versus specialism in particular, with respect to two particular human service organizations in Israel — Youth Aliyah and Community Service Organizations. The principal conclusion reached is that specialism is more suitable than generalism for attaining a fit between the organization and its task environment under conditions of rapidly changing, fine-grained environments. 相似文献
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Objective
The public view of the severity of social problems and their perceptions of how effectively they are being addressed have a major impact on public policies and resource allocation. The present study focuses on public attitudes toward child maltreatment. It examines perceptions of child maltreatment as a social problem, and attitudes toward prevention and treatment strategies in cases of child abuse and neglect.Methods
A survey was conducted among a representative sample of 812 Israeli adults: 688 Jews, and 124 Arabs. Fifty additional Ultra-Orthodox Jews were added for comparisons among Jewish participants.Results
The participants tend to view violence and alcohol consumption among youth as a more serious problem than parental maltreatment of children. Low-income participants tend to view child maltreatment as a more serious problem than did high-income participants. Jewish participants (except for ultra-Orthodox Jews) view child maltreatment as a significantly more serious problem than did Arabs and Ultra-Orthodox Jews. Most of the participants believe that parents who maltreat their children should be punished, but they should be taught how to refrain from maltreatment, and learn to change their behavior. Many participants believe that the courts do not sufficiently punish parents who maltreat their children. In their assessments of the quality of professional work, the highest evaluations are given to services provided by physicians and social workers, whereas the lowest evaluations are given to judges and police. Most of the participants (70%) believed that social workers play an important role in protecting children.Conclusions
The survey findings have implications for enhancing public awareness of child maltreatment as well for policy making in the area of child abuse and neglect. The differences in the perceptions of participants based on their religious, cultural and economic background toward child maltreatment should be further studied and addressed in policy and interventions in this area. 相似文献7.
Michel Beine Anna Boucher Brian Burgoon Mary Crock Justin Gest Michael Hiscox Patrick McGovern Hillel Rapoport Joep Schaper Eiko Thielemann 《The International migration review》2016,50(4):827-863
This paper introduces a method and preliminary findings from a database that systematically measures the character and stringency of immigration policies. Based on the selection of that data for nine countries between 1999 and 2008, we challenge the idea that any one country is systematically the most or least restrictive toward admissions. The data also reveal trends toward more complex and, often, more restrictive regulation since the 1990s, as well as differential treatment of groups, such as lower requirements for highly skilled than low‐skilled labor migrants. These patterns illustrate the IMPALA data and methods but are also of intrinsic importance to understanding immigration regulation. 相似文献
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Hillel Schmid 《Nonprofit management & leadership》1995,5(4):377-391
This article presents a case study of merging among nonprofit organizations that provide social and community services. The study sheds light on the dynamics and problems of merging nonprofit organizations, whose espoused ideology focuses on promoting the well-being of their clients. The author describes and analyzes a merger in metropolitan Jerusalem, Israel, and highlights the potential problems that may ultimately undermine its success. This merger is the outcome of an ongoing power and political struggle. The analysis focuses on the organizational ideologies and culture as well as the strategies and structure of the merging organizations. In addition, the author deals with the underlying motives for merging, the driving and restraining forces, and the implications of merging nonprofit community services organizations with other social and human services organizations. 相似文献
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On human capital formation with exit options 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We explore the relationship between economic volatility and human capital formation within a context of migration. We show
that increased variability may raise the average educational level of the population even after netting out expected migration.
In particular, we demonstrate that this is the case when individuals' abilities and the economy-wide shock are uniformly distributed.
We thank Frédéric Docquier, Pascal Lévy-Garboua, Abraham Lioui, and two anonymous referees for their comments.
Responsible editor: Alessandro Cigno. 相似文献
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