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We model the performance of DMUs (decision-making units) using a two-stage network model. In the first stage of production DMUs use inputs to produce an intermediate output that becomes an input to a second stage where final outputs are produced. Previous black box DEA models allowed for non-radial scaling of outputs and inputs and accounted for slacks in the constraints that define the technology. We extend these models and build a performance measure that accounts for a network structure of production. We use our method to estimate the performance of Japanese banks, which use labor, physical capital, and financial equity capital in a first stage to produce an intermediate output of deposits. In the second stage, those deposits become an input in the production of loans and securities investments. The network estimates reveal greater bank inefficiency than do the estimates that treat the bank production process as a black box with all production taking place in a single stage. 相似文献
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Yasunori Fujikoshi Tetsuto Himeno Hirofumi Wakaki 《Journal of statistical planning and inference》2008
This paper deals with the distributions of test statistics for the number of useful discriminant functions and the characteristic roots in canonical discriminant analysis. These asymptotic distributions have been extensively studied when the number p of variables is fixed, the number q+1 of groups is fixed, and the sample size N tends to infinity. However, these approximations become increasingly inaccurate as the value of p increases for a fixed value of N. On the other hand, we encounter to analyze high-dimensional data such that p is large compared to n. The purpose of the present paper is to derive asymptotic distributions of these statistics in a high-dimensional framework such that q is fixed, p→∞, m=n-p+q→∞, and p/n→c∈(0,1), where n=N-q-1. Numerical simulation revealed that our new asymptotic approximations are more accurate than the classical asymptotic approximations in a considerably wide range of (n,p,q). 相似文献
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Sanjeev K. Bordoloi William W. Cooper Hirofumi Matsuo 《Production and Operations Management》1999,8(2):133-150
There are many different approaches and conceptualizations of flexibility in the present literature. This lends itself to a lack of clarity and can result in confusion on the central concept. Here we identify shortcomings in the existing literature. To clarify some of the important concepts, we distinguish between flexibility (ability to change states), adaptability (ability to change within a state), and efficiency (resources utilized). To illustrate such distinctions, we present a capacity expansion model that takes flexibility and adaptability into consideration. Numerical examples show how the concepts of flexibility and adaptability can be used in manufacturing. 相似文献
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This paper studies the performance of nineteen private commercial banks and two government-owned banks in Bangladesh during the period 2005–2008 using a slacks-based inefficiency measure and the directional technology distance function. Performance is measured assuming a black-box production structure and then the black-box is opened and examined using a two stage network production structure. Current period performance in maximizing desirable loans and securities investments and minimizing bad loans depends on how efficiently inputs at one stage of production are transformed into intermediate outputs which are used at a subsequent stage of production. In addition, current period production of the intermediate output is constrained by the amount of non-performing loans that were generated in an earlier period. 相似文献
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Shinpei Imori Hirokazu Yanagihara Hirofumi Wakaki 《Scandinavian Journal of Statistics》2014,41(2):535-555
In real‐data analysis, deciding the best subset of variables in regression models is an important problem. Akaike's information criterion (AIC) is often used in order to select variables in many fields. When the sample size is not so large, the AIC has a non‐negligible bias that will detrimentally affect variable selection. The present paper considers a bias correction of AIC for selecting variables in the generalized linear model (GLM). The GLM can express a number of statistical models by changing the distribution and the link function, such as the normal linear regression model, the logistic regression model, and the probit model, which are currently commonly used in a number of applied fields. In the present study, we obtain a simple expression for a bias‐corrected AIC (corrected AIC, or CAIC) in GLMs. Furthermore, we provide an ‘R’ code based on our formula. A numerical study reveals that the CAIC has better performance than the AIC for variable selection. 相似文献
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H. Matsuda Koichi Kaji Hiroyuki Uno Hirofumi Hirakawa T. Saitoh 《Researches on Population Ecology》1999,41(2):139-149
We consider here a management policy for a sika deer (Cervus nippon) population in the eastern part of Hokkaido. Deer populations are characterized by a large intrinsic rate of population increase,
no significant density effects on population growth before population crash, and a relatively simple life history. Our goals
of management for the deer population are (1) to avoid irruption with severe damage to agriculture and forestry, (2) to avoid
the risk of extinction of the deer population, and (3) to maintain a sustainable yield of deer. To make a robust program on
the basis of uncertain information about the deer population, we consider three levels of relative population size and four
levels of hunting pressures. We also take into consideration a critical level for extinction, an optimal level, and an irruption
level. The hunting pressure for females is set to increase with the population size. We also recommend catching males if the
population size is between the critical and optimal levels and catching females and males if the population size is larger
than the optimal level. We must avoid cases of irruption or threatened population under various sets of uncertain parameter
values. The simulation results suggest that management based on sex-specific hunting is effective to diminish the annual variation
in hunting yield.
Received: April 8, 1998 / Accepted: December 25, 1998 相似文献
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We consider a problem in which a policy is chosen from a one-dimensional set over which voters have single-peaked preferences. While Moulin (Public Choice 35:437–455, 1980) and others subsequent works have focused on strategy-proof rules, Renault and Trannoy (Mimeo 2011) and Renault and Trannoy (J Pub Econ Theory 7:169–199, 2005) have shown that the average rule implements a generalized median rule in Nash equilibria and provide an interpretation of the parameters in Moulin’s rule. In this article, we first extend their result by showing that a wide range of voting rules which includes the average rule can implement Moulin’s rule in Nash equilibria. Moreover, we show additionally that within this class, generalized average rules are Cournot stable. That is, from any strategy profile, any best response path must converge to a Nash equilibrium. 相似文献
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