中国对阿拉伯世界人文外交的历史回顾及现实挑战

人文外交作为一种崭新的外交形式,是对当今国际关系领域中国家、市场与社会三者互动的有效应对,也是对文化外交和公共外交的有机整合。人文外交以软实力理论、国家形象理论、建构主义理论和文明对话理论为依托,在当今中国的外交政策中占有重要地位。新中国对阿拉伯世界的外交实践则为人文外交的理论创新积累了宝贵经验。在对阿关系中,人文外交在各时期都促进了中国国家利益的拓展。当下,国际体系处于转型期,尤其是2010年年底以来阿拉伯世界所发生的社会和政治动荡,使中国对阿拉伯世界的外交政策面临挑战。只有将人文外交继续作为我国对阿外交政策的重点,才能在政治动荡的阿拉伯世界始终维护中国的国家利益。     

QUALITY‐ADJUSTED HUMAN CAPITAL AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH

This article examines the influence of quality‐adjusted educational attainment on growth and tests whether it facilitates the transfer of technology developed at the frontier for a panel of 60 countries. Using outcomes of pathogen stress as instruments, the results show that quality‐adjusted educational attainment and its interaction with distance to the frontier play important roles for growth. (JEL I20, O30, O40)     

INTERNATIONAL R&D SPILLOVERS AND PRODUCTIVITY TRENDS IN THE ASIAN MIRACLE ECONOMIES

This paper examines the importance of the domestic research and development stock and foreign knowledge spillovers on total factor productivity for six Asian miracle economies over the period from 1955 to 2006. The productivity effects of international knowledge spillovers through the following channels are considered: imports, exports, inward foreign direct investment, patents, geographical proximity, and the general channel. The general channel is a transmission mechanism where knowledge spillovers occur automatically and do not pass through any specific channel. The estimates show that knowledge has been transmitted through all the channels considered but that the import channel and the general channel have probably been the most important ones for the Asian miracle economies. (JEL O10, O30, O40)     

A Sequential Point Process Model and Bayesian Inference for Spatial Point Patterns with Linear Structures

Abstract. We introduce a flexible spatial point process model for spatial point patterns exhibiting linear structures, without incorporating a latent line process. The model is given by an underlying sequential point process model. Under this model, the points can be of one of three types: a ‘background point’ an ‘independent cluster point’ or a ‘dependent cluster point’. The background and independent cluster points are thought to exhibit ‘complete spatial randomness’, whereas the dependent cluster points are likely to occur close to previous cluster points. We demonstrate the flexibility of the model for producing point patterns with linear structures and propose to use the model as the likelihood in a Bayesian setting when analysing a spatial point pattern exhibiting linear structures. We illustrate this methodology by analysing two spatial point pattern datasets (locations of bronze age graves in Denmark and locations of mountain tops in Spain).     

A Case Study in International Cooperation

Summary This article is in two parts. The first part describes how ideasand concepts can cross national and linguistic frontiers andhow theories of social work practice may be found suitable forapplication in cultures which are different from the originalsetting. The ideas are likely to grow and develop during theirtravels and may return to their original source as the inspirationfor further innovation. The Kent Project is used as a case examplein the first part and in the second part of the article a newDanish project is described which is based on the Kent theoriesbut may perhaps give workers in the UK ideas for further developments.