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What Drives Remittances from Saudi Arabia to Pakistan? Home Versus Host Country's Economic Conditions
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Saudi Arabia is the largest source country of remittances to Pakistan since the 1970s. This study examined the impact of home versus host country’s economic conditions on remittances from Saudi Arabia to Pakistan. The ARDL bounds testing is used on the annual data set from 1973 to 2014. The study concluded that economic growth in the host country and economic crises in the home country increase remittances. 1% decrease in domestic output increases remittances by 2.79% while 1% increase in sending country’s output growth increases remittances by 5.2% in the long‐run. The bilateral trade has a positive while financial deepening has a negative impact on inflows. The impact of oil shock is insignificant. We suggest cautious foreign policy as remittances depend significantly on the host country’s economic condition that is not directly under the control of the home country but remittances can be sustained with bilateral trade. 相似文献
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This study highlights the responsiveness of import demand in the context of aggregate expenditure components in Pakistan over the period of 1974?C2009. The study uses Johansen multivariate cointegration analysis and estimates an error correction model to drive the long-run and short run elasticities of the import demand behavior. The cointegration results provide a strong empirical validity of the presence of long run elasticities between import and macro-components. In the long-run, the consumption expenditure is the main dominant determinants of the movements in import demand in Pakistan. In the short-run, the consumption and investment expenditures are the major determinants of import demand while the import demand is not sensitive to relative price. Moreover, the parameter stability tests confirm the stability of the model, and the sensitivity analysis confirms the robustness of initial results. 相似文献
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The relationship between macroeconomic uncertainty, investment and economic growth is an empirical issue in developing countries.
This paper investigates the effects of macroeconomic uncertainty on investment and economic growth in Pakistan for the period
1975–2008 by using the accelerator model of investment and endogenous growth model. The conditional variances, directly estimated
through the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model is utilized for erecting the uncertainty
variables related to fiscal policy, openness and foreign capital inflows. The results clearly indicate that the macroeconomic
uncertainty have significant negative effects on investment and per capita income of Pakistan. We conclude that a reduction
in macroeconomic uncertainty through appropriate fiscal and monetary policy, stability in capital inflows and improved trade
performance could result in high investment and sustainable economic growth in the country. 相似文献
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Shamsudeen Ademola Sanni Zainab Awang Ngah Noor Harun Abdul Karim Noorhidawati Abdullah Mehwish Waheed 《Serials Review》2013
This paper reports on the factors that contribute to the adoption rate of e-journal publishing based upon responses from 82 Malaysian journal publishers. Drawing upon the theory of innovation diffusion, the study examines the role of awareness, three organization variables (publication size, age of the journal, and experience of editors), and attributes of e-journals (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability and observability) as influences to the rate of e-journal publishing adoption. Findings show that only two attributes—complexity and trialability—emerge as significant contributors to e-journal adoption rates, and all three organization variables—journal's age, publication size, and editorial experience—are significant. Collectively, these five significant variables explained 57.8% of the variance in adoption rate. We discuss the results and implication of the findings with respect to the wider context of e-journal publishing. 相似文献
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Muhammad Nawaz Muhammad Nasir Amanat Ali Waheed Chaudhry 《Transition Studies Review》2011,18(2):361-376
The boom in industrial sector has lead to many problems and child labor is no exception. This study explores the linkages
between trade liberalization and child labor both in short and long-run. The results suggest that GDP per capita and income
inequality increase the child labor in the long-run but these results disappear in short-run. The study also finds that income
inequality has positive and significant impact on child labor. Our findings also support that trade openness along with trade
sanctions (imposed by the developed countries) are associated with the reduction in child labor in Pakistan. 相似文献
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This study examines the effects of terms of trade and its volatility on economic growth for a sample of 94 developed and developing
countries, using 5 year average annual data from 2004 to 2008. The cross country ordinary least square estimation results
indicate significant positive effect of terms of trade on economic growth. Furthermore, volatility of terms of trade has significant
positive effect on economic growth. To test the robustness of initial results, sensitivity analysis has been performed using
different additional variables, sample size and various proxies of volatility variable. The initial results were found robust
despite the inclusion of various variables in the basic model and use of various proxies for volatility of terms of trade. 相似文献
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