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The purpose of this article is to explore the origins of dissent public relations and to establish its emergence in the context of the ancient Greek comedy represented by Aristophanes. Indeed, Attic Comedy (also known as Old Comedy) was the first great example of today’s mass communication, in which political satire was used to dissent and protest against political and social circumstances in fifth-century BC Athens. This situation was conditioned by the Peloponnesian War and its political, economic and social consequences. From this perspective, this article also constitutes an investigation into the intellectual history of public relations, of which Aristophanes can be considered to be one of the first practitioners. 相似文献
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The increasing availability of high-throughput data, that is, massive quantities of molecular biology data arising from different types of experiments such as gene expression or protein microarrays, leads to the necessity of methods for summarizing the available information. As annotation quality improves it is becoming common to rely on biological annotation databases, such as the Gene Ontology (GO), to build functional profiles which characterize a set of genes or proteins using the distribution of their annotations in the database. In this work we describe a statistical model for such profiles, provide methods to compare profiles and develop inferential procedures to assess this comparison. An R-package implementing the methods will be available at publication time. 相似文献
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Mission statements are generally considered an important tool for strategy implementation. However, several authors have shown that there is a ‘hole’ in the mission theory, which in practice explains the inconsistency in mission statements in many companies because of the lack of motivation related to the mission. This article aims to bridge this gap by analysing the relationship between the mission of a company and its members' motivation. It entails an extension of the mission theory, in which three dimensions of mission development are analysed: formal, dynamic and motivational. On the basis of this framework, three forms of mission consistency are considered to explain the effectiveness of mission implementation: authenticity, coherence and integrity. 相似文献
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John William Hatfield Gerard Padr i Miquel 《Journal of the European Economic Association》2012,10(3):605-633
We revisit the classic problem of tax competition in the context of federal nations, and derive a positive theory of partial decentralization. A capital poor median voter chooses to use redistributive capital taxes to provide public goods. The expectation of high capital taxes, however, results in a small capital stock which lowers returns to redistribution. The median voter therefore wants to commit to a lower level of capital taxes. She does so by setting a partial degree of decentralization in the Constitution. The equilibrium degree of decentralization balances the positive effect of tax competition on capital taxes with the loss in redistribution that results. We show that the degree of decentralization is nonmonotonic in inequality, increasing in the redistributive efficiency of public good provision, and decreasing in capital productivity. When public goods are heterogeneous in their capacity to transfer funds, all voters agree that goods with high redistributive capacity should be decentralized. 相似文献
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In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of (h,π)-entropy statistics when the parameters are replaced by some consistent and asymptotically normal (CAN) estimates. In the case of stratified sampling, asymptotic distribution is obtained and the optimum allocation is derived for a fixed cost and for a fixed variance. Some tests of hypotheses are constructed on the basis of these asymptotic distributions and a numerical example is presented. 相似文献
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We introduce a TU-game that describes a market where information is distributed among several agents and all these pieces of information are necessary to produce a good. This situation will be called clan information market. The class of the corresponding TU-games, the clan information market games (CIGs), is a subset of the class of clan games. We provide some well-known point solutions for CIGs in terms of the market data. 相似文献
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Miquel Àngel Essomba 《Intercultural Education》2017,28(2):206-218
AbstractThe right to education of children and youth from asylum seeker and refugee families is currently being threatened in Europe. Two factors explain this: the sudden and disorganised arrival of large numbers of asylum seeker families, and the inconsistent integration of those seeking refugee status and those who have gained such status. The actual implementation of the right to education for asylum seekers and refugees is a result of a complex combination of factors related to the asylum seeking process: demographic, psychological, economic, legal and sociological. Asylum seeker and refugee education are impacted significantly by these factors. This paper tries to explore whether EU Member States are coping successfully with such dimensions. We provide information on the current situation in Europe, as well as a summary of the latest policy recommendations aimed at improving the present situation. 相似文献
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Divergence measures play an important role in statistical theory, especially in large sample theories of estimation and testing.
The underlying reason is that they are indices of statistical distance between probability distributions P and Q; the smaller
these indices are the harder it is to discriminate between P and Q. Many divergence measures have been proposed since the
publication of the paper of Kullback and Leibler (1951). Renyi (1961) gave the first generalization of Kullback-Leibler divergence,
Jeffreys (1946) defined the J-divergences, Burbea and Rao (1982) introduced the R-divergences, Sharma and Mittal (1977) the
(r,s)-divergences, Csiszar (1967) the ϕ-divergences, Taneja (1989) the generalized J-divergences and the generalized R-divergences
and so on. In order to do a unified study of their statistical properties, here we propose a generalized divergence, called
(h,ϕ)-divergence, which include as particular cases the above mentioned divergence measures. Under different assumptions, it is
shown that the asymptotic distributions of the (h,ϕ)-divergence statistics are either normal or chi square. The chi square and the likelihood ratio test statistics are particular
cases of the (h,ϕ)-divergence test statistics considered. From the previous results, asymptotic distributions of entropy statistics are derived
too. Applications to testing statistical hypothesis in multinomial populations are given. The Pitman and Bahadur efficiencies
of tests of goodness of fit and independence based on these statistics are obtained. To finish, apendices with the asymptotic
variances of many well known divergence and entropy statistics are presented.
The research in this paper was supported in part by DGICYT Grants N. PB91-0387 and N. PB91-0155. Their financial support is
gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
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