Cyclical Evolution of the Global Right

An understanding of the current right‐wing national and transnational social movements can benefit from comparing them to the global and national conditions operating during their last appearance in the first half of the twentieth century and by carefully comparing twentieth‐century fascism with the neofascist and right‐wing populist movements that have been emerging in the twenty‐first century. This allows us to assess the similarities and differences, and to gain insights about what could be the consequences of the reemergence of populist nationalism and fascist movements. Our study uses the comparative evolutionary world‐systems perspective to study the Global Right from 1800 to the present. We see fascism as a form of capitalism that emerges when the capitalist project is in crisis. World historical waves of right‐wing populism and fascism are caused by the cycles of globalization and deglobalization, the rise and fall of hegemonic core powers, long business cycles (the Kondratieff wave), and interactions with both Centrist Liberalism and the Global Left. We consider how crises of the global capitalist system have produced right‐wing backlashes in the past, and how a future terminal crisis of capitalism could lead to a reemergence of a new form of authoritarian global governance or a reorganized global democracy in the future.     

Stigma, HIV/AIDS and prevention of mother-to-child transmission in Zambia

This report evaluates the extent of perceived and enacted HIV/AIDS-related stigma in a rural setting in Zambia. Stigmatisation is abundant, ranging from subtle actions to the most extreme degradation, rejection and abandonment. Women with HIV and pregnant women assumed to be HIV positive are repeatedly subjected to extensive forms of stigma, particularly once they become sick or if their child dies. Despite increasing access to prevention of mother to child transmission initiatives, including anti-retroviral drugs, the perceived disincentives of HIV testing, particularly for women, largely outweigh the potential gains from available treatments. HIV/AIDS related stigma drives the epidemic underground and is one of the main reasons that people do not wish to know their HIV status. Unless efforts to reduce stigma are, as one peer educator put it, “written in large letters in any HIV/AIDS campaign rather than small”, stigma will remain a major barrier to curbing the HIV/AIDS pandemic.     

Transnational religion: Hindu and Muslim movements

In this article I deal with transnational Hindu and Muslim movements. I reject the common assertion that migrant communities are conservative in religious and social matters by arguing that ‘traditionalism’ requires considerable ideological creativity and that this significantly transforms previous practices and discourses. I suggest that religious movements, active among migrants, develop cosmopolitan projects that can be viewed as alternatives to the cosmopolitanism of the European Enlightenment. This raises a number of challenges concerning citizenship, integration and political loyalty for governmentality in the nation‐states in which these cosmopolitan projects are carried out. I suggest that rather than looking at religious migrants as at best conservative and at worst terrorist one should perhaps pay some attention to the creative moments in human responses to new challenges and new environments.     

玄言赋浅论

本文对魏晋玄言赋的概念、发展轨迹乃至主要作家作品作了粗浅的论述。玄言赋是指在玄学出现之后 ,由于清谈风气的影响而产生的 ,以谈论玄理 ,表现玄学人生观和生活情趣为内容的赋作。它滥觞于正始 ,过渡于两晋 ,大盛于东晋 ,衰微于刘宋。玄言赋对玄理的表现 ,有的下陈玄理 ,有的借人物和山水景物表现玄学人生观和生活情趣。在文学发展史上 ,玄言赋有其自身的不足 ,但亦有其积极的意义     

苏联权力监督机制演变的历史考察及启示

本文以历史发展为线索 ,对前苏联的权力监督机制进行分析研究。认为列宁对权力监督问题进行了积极有益的探索 ;斯大林执政时期 ,苏联形成了高度集权的政治体制 ,使权力监督严重弱化。从赫鲁晓夫到戈尔巴乔夫时期 ,虽然多次对监督机制进行改革 ,但由于推行错误路线而流于形式。因此 ,长期以来苏联的权力监督机制是低效运作的。借鉴苏联权力监督机制建设的经验教训 ,对建设有中国特色的社会主义事业有着重要意义。     

小说的生命叙事与人的生命建构

生命叙事把对人类肉身生存境况的关怀逐步推进到类似宗教境界的精神追求；它描述生命从物质到精神的孕育、产生、冲突、升腾的变化过程，是在对生命现实反思基础上的想像和升华。生命叙事的起点及归宿都是对蓬勃的生命状态的渴望和追求，它把叩问人类心灵的意义、建构理想的生命作为自己的神圣使命。