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1.
Summary Weak disintegrations are investigated from various points of view. Kolmogorov's definition of conditional probability is critically
analysed, and it is noted how the notion of disintegrability plays some role in connecting Kolmogorov's definition with the
one given in line with de Finetti's coherence principle. Conditions are given, on the domain of a prevision, implying the
equivalence between weak disintegrability and conglomerability. Moreover, weak sintegrations are characterized in terms of
coherence, in de Finetti's sense, of, a suitable function. This fact enables us to give, an interpretation of weak disintegrability
as a form of “preservation of coherence”. The previous results are also applied to a hypothetical inferential problem. In
particular, an inference is shown to be coherent, in the sense of Heath and Sudderth, if and only if a suitable function is
coherent, in de Finetti's sense.
Research partially supported by: M.U.R.S.T. 40% “Problemi di inferenza pura”. 相似文献
2.
沈从文故事中对农人目光的文本化(上) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
焦石 《吉首大学学报(社会科学版)》2008,29(2):1-15
沈从文笔下的乡下人总是用一种独特标准来观察和批判城市以及城里人。这是异乡情调一种典型形式,即“乡下人”对于城市所形成的印象。沈从文将城市读者的“他者”构成叙事话语,所表现出来的始终是一种社会学意义的距离,同时也是一种民族学意义上的,或者性别和世代上的区分。从这种观察中得到的乡村与城市之间的对立通过反语和讽刺反映出来。作者拒绝叙述者无所不知的权威,叙述者的声音始终是不张扬的,而且他的写作是以语言的克制为特征的。从这样的叙事实践中所得到的结果,正是话语与话语对象之间的一种距离,同样也是作家与他所创造的世界之间的协调一致。 相似文献
3.
Simone Cerreia‐Vioglio David Dillenberger Pietro Ortoleva 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2015,83(2):693-728
Many violations of the independence axiom of expected utility can be traced to subjects' attraction to risk‐free prospects. The key axiom in this paper, negative certainty independence ([Dillenberger, 2010]), formalizes this tendency. Our main result is a utility representation of all preferences over monetary lotteries that satisfy negative certainty independence together with basic rationality postulates. Such preferences can be represented as if the agent were unsure of how to evaluate a given lottery p; instead, she has in mind a set of possible utility functions over outcomes and displays a cautious behavior: she computes the certainty equivalent of p with respect to each possible function in the set and picks the smallest one. The set of utilities is unique in a well defined sense. We show that our representation can also be derived from a “cautious” completion of an incomplete preference relation. 相似文献
4.
The multiple non symmetric correspondence analysis (MNSCA) is a useful technique for analyzing a two-way contingency table. In more complex cases, the predictor variables are more than one. In this paper, the MNSCA, along with the decomposition of the Gray–Williams Tau index, in main effects and interaction term, is used to analyze a contingency table with two predictor categorical variables and an ordinal response variable. The Multiple-Tau index is a measure of association that contains both main effects and interaction term. The main effects represent the change in the response variables due to the change in the level/categories of the predictor variables, considering the effects of their addition, while the interaction effect represents the combined effect of predictor categorical variables on the ordinal response variable. Moreover, for ordinal scale variables, we propose a further decomposition in order to check the existence of power components by using Emerson's orthogonal polynomials. 相似文献
5.
Clustering in weighted networks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In recent years, researchers have investigated a growing number of weighted networks where ties are differentiated according to their strength or capacity. Yet, most network measures do not take weights into consideration, and thus do not fully capture the richness of the information contained in the data. In this paper, we focus on a measure originally defined for unweighted networks: the global clustering coefficient. We propose a generalization of this coefficient that retains the information encoded in the weights of ties. We then undertake a comparative assessment by applying the standard and generalized coefficients to a number of network datasets. 相似文献
6.
Combining human capital theory and equity theory, we developed and tested a model in which the outside directors’ total cash
compensation is related to the outsider’s profile, as well as to the board and firm characteristics. Consistent with our model,
characteristics of the outsider’s profile, in terms of his/her role and responsibility, meeting activities and length of service,
are relevant. Only the director’s popularity, as a part of his/her human capital, has a significant effect on his/her compensation.
Our empirical results confirm the necessity to create a stronger link between the remuneration policies of the outsider directors
and their contribution in a board, in terms of human capital. The remuneration policies adopted by firms should be linked
to practices on corporate governance useful for helping outsiders contribute confidently to their work of the board and receive
ongoing support and information so they can develop their understanding of the total environment within they work. Then, we
suggest having recourse to qualifications and professional skills as well as to specific training or board induction programmes
defined by firms themselves. Finally, the Combined Code should promote the adoption and spreading of such practices on market. 相似文献
7.
Grove M Vonsattel JP Mazzoni P Marder K 《Science of aging knowledge environment : SAGE KE》2003,2003(43):dn3
In this case study, we describe the symptoms, neurological exam, neuropsychological test results, and brain pathology of a man who died with Huntington's disease (HD). HD is a rare neurodegenerative disease. Like other movement disorders involving the basal ganglia, HD affects motor, cognitive, and psychiatric functioning. The disease follows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, with onset of symptoms most commonly occurring in the late 30s or early 40s, as in this patient. HD is caused by an unstable expansion of the trinucleotide CAG, coding for glutamine, on chromosome 4. Despite knowledge of the gene mutation responsible for HD, no definitive treatment is currently available to slow or halt progression of the disease. However, symptomatic treatment can significantly improve the quality of life for patients with HD. 相似文献
8.
Giam Pietro Cipriani 《Journal of population economics》2014,27(1):251-256
This paper shows the effects on a pay-as-you-go pension system of the demographic change in the standard overlapping generations model. Firstly, we consider a setting with exogenous fertility and then a model with endogenous fertility. In both cases, population aging due to increased longevity implies a reduction in pensions payouts. 相似文献
9.
10.
In a quantitative model with uncertain inputs, the uncertainty of the output can be summarized by a risk measure. We propose a sensitivity analysis method based on derivatives of the output risk measure, in the direction of model inputs. This produces a global sensitivity measure, explicitly linking sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. We focus on the case of distortion risk measures, defined as weighted averages of output percentiles, and prove a representation of the sensitivity measure that can be evaluated on a Monte Carlo sample, as a weighted average of gradients over the input space. When the analytical model is unknown or hard to work with, nonparametric techniques are used for gradient estimation. This process is demonstrated through the example of a nonlinear insurance loss model. Furthermore, the proposed framework is extended in order to measure sensitivity to constant model parameters, uncertain statistical parameters, and random factors driving dependence between model inputs. 相似文献