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1.
Ritesh Khunyakari 《Children & Society》2021,35(4):613-629
The conceptualizations about children and childhoods enrich our understanding of adult–child interactions, educational practice, policy and child-welfare interventions. This study explored 42 cultural metaphors drawn from diverse socio-economic, geographical and linguistic settings to construct Indian childhoods. The paper reports an interpretative analysis of reconstructions leading to a typology of metaphors-in-use. The conceptual-analytical exercise helped unpack nuances and contextual meanings of metaphors. The paper argues for richness and subtlety in theorising childhoods, which is multilayered, situated and intertwined with contextual issues and tensions. The study offers methodological, pedagogical and conceptual insights and proposes possibilities for using cultural tools into inquiring childhoods. 相似文献
2.
The main aim of this study is to investigate India's demand for international reserve by focusing on the role of national monetary disequilibrium and to present new benchmarks for assessing the adequacy of international reserves. We assessed India's position in terms of reserve adequacy and found that India is well placed and has sufficient stock of international reserves to meet the minimum adequacy requirements. Also, the results reveal that the central bank is holding substantial excess reserves and the related opportunity cost (1.5% of GDP) appears to be quite considerable. Further, the estimates of reserve demand function suggest that scale of foreign trade, uncertainty and profitability considerations play significant role in determining India's long-term reserve demand policies. More importantly, validating the monetary approach to balance of payment, our results show that national monetary disequilibrium does play a crucial role in short-run reserve movements. An excess of money demand (supply) induces an inflow (outflow) of international reserves with an elasticity of 0.56 which also implies that Reserve Bank of India responds to correct the domestic money market disequilibrium; and did not just leave it completely on the mercy of reserve inflows. 相似文献
3.
We consider approximate inference in hybrid Bayesian Networks (BNs) and present a new iterative algorithm that efficiently
combines dynamic discretization with robust propagation algorithms on junction trees. Our approach offers a significant extension
to Bayesian Network theory and practice by offering a flexible way of modeling continuous nodes in BNs conditioned on complex
configurations of evidence and intermixed with discrete nodes as both parents and children of continuous nodes. Our algorithm
is implemented in a commercial Bayesian Network software package, AgenaRisk, which allows model construction and testing to
be carried out easily. The results from the empirical trials clearly show how our software can deal effectively with different
type of hybrid models containing elements of expert judgment as well as statistical inference. In particular, we show how
the rapid convergence of the algorithm towards zones of high probability density, make robust inference analysis possible
even in situations where, due to the lack of information in both prior and data, robust sampling becomes unfeasible. 相似文献
4.
This report describes the use of Bayesian networks (BNs) to model statistical loss distributions in financial operational risk scenarios. Its focus is on modeling "long" tail, or unexpected, loss events using mixtures of appropriate loss frequency and severity distributions where these mixtures are conditioned on causal variables that model the capability or effectiveness of the underlying controls process. The use of causal modeling is discussed from the perspective of exploiting local expertise about process reliability and formally connecting this knowledge to actual or hypothetical statistical phenomena resulting from the process. This brings the benefit of supplementing sparse data with expert judgment and transforming qualitative knowledge about the process into quantitative predictions. We conclude that BNs can help combine qualitative data from experts and quantitative data from historical loss databases in a principled way and as such they go some way in meeting the requirements of the draft Basel II Accord (Basel, 2004) for an advanced measurement approach (AMA). 相似文献
5.
This article deals with the problem of estimation of the finite population mean using auxiliary information in the presence of random non response. Three different situations where random non response occurs either in study variate, or in auxiliary variate, or in both the variates, have been discussed. The asymptotically optimum estimators (AOEs) for each strategy are also identified. Expressions of biases and mean squared errors of the proposed estimators have been derived up to the first degree of approximation. Proposed estimators have been compared with the usual unbiased estimator, ratio estimator, and product estimator in the presence of random non response. Empirical studies are also carried out to show the performance of the proposed estimators over other estimators. 相似文献
6.
Summary In this paper we have suggested two modified estimators of population mean using power transformation. It has been shown that
the modified estimators are more efficient than the sample mean estimator, usual ratio estimator, Sisodia and Dwivedi’s (1981)
estimator and Upadhyaya and Singh’s (1999) estimator at their optimum conditions. Empirical illustrations are also given for
examining the merits of the proposed estimators. Following Kadilar and Cingi (2003) the work has been extended to stratified
random sampling, and the same data set has been studied to examine the performance in stratified random sampling. 相似文献
7.
ABSTRACTIn this article, we propose a generalized ratio-cum-product type exponential estimator for estimating population mean in stratified random sampling. Asymptotic expression of the bias and mean squared error of the proposed estimator are obtained. Asymptotic optimum estimator in the proposed estimator has been obtained with its mean squared error formula. Conditions under which the proposed estimator is more efficient than usual unbiased estimator, combined ratio and product type estimators, Singh et al. (2008) estimators and Tailor and Chouhan (2014) estimator are obtained. An empirical study has also been carried out. 相似文献
8.
Ramchandani Ritesh Finkelstein Dianne M. Schoenfeld David A. 《Lifetime data analysis》2020,26(1):1-20
Lifetime Data Analysis - The accelerated failure time (AFT) model is a common method for estimating the effect of a covariate directly on a patient’s survival time. In some cases, death is... 相似文献
9.
Ratio-Cum-Product Type Exponential Estimator of Finite Population Mean in Stratified Random Sampling
Rajesh Tailor 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2014,43(2):343-354
This article addresses the problem of estimating the finite population mean in stratified random sampling using auxiliary information. Motivated by Singh (1967) and Bahl and Tuteja (1991) a ratio-cum-product type exponential estimator has been suggested and its bias and mean squared error have been derived under large sample approximation. Suggested estimator has been compared with usual unbiased estimator of population mean in stratified random sampling, combined ratio estimator, combined product estimator, ratio and product type exponential estimator of Singh et al. (2008). Conditions under which suggested estimator is more efficient than other considered estimators have been obtained. A numerical illustration is given in support of the theoretical findings. 相似文献
10.
It is well known that a ranked set sample under perfect ranking provides more information than an i.i.d. sample of the same size. Then it may be interesting to study how much information is lost due to imperfect ranking. In this article, we consider some ranking mechanisms and study the loss of the Fisher information according to the degree of imperfect ranking. Then we continue to discuss the optimal combination of the sample size and number of strata in terms of maximizing the Fisher information for the bivariate normal and exponential distributions. 相似文献