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1.
The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of education on the probability of married Malawian women using modern contraceptive methods by accounting for both observed and unobserved confounders. We conduct a sensitivity analysis and compare the results of naive models with instrumental variable models to account for the potential endogeneity of education. Our findings demonstrate conflicting results between the two modelling approaches. The naive models report smaller education effects on the probability of using modern contraceptive methods compared to instrumental variable models. We also find that by relaxing the functional form assumption on the effect of continuous covariates, using a flexible instrumental variable model, the education's effect follows a positive, nonlinear pattern. This finding is not observed with a classic instrumental variable model. 相似文献
2.
A prognostic index (PI) is usually derived from a regression model as a weighted mean of the covariates, with weights (partial scores) proportional to the parameter estimates. When a PI is applied to patients other than those considered for its development, the issue of assessing its validity on the new case series is crucial. For this purpose, Van Houwelingen (2000) proposed a method of validation by calibration, which limits overfitting by embedding the original model into a new one, so that only a few parameters will have to be estimated. Here we address the problem of PI validation and revision with the above approach when the PI has classification purposes and it represents the linear predictor of a Weibull model, derived from an accelerated failure time parameterization instead of a proportional hazards one, as originally described by Van Houwelingen. We show that the Van Houwelingen method can be applied in a straightforward manner, provided that the parameterization originally used in the PI model is appropriately taken into account. We also show that model validation and revision can be carried out by modifying the cut-off values used for prognostic grouping without affecting the partial scores of the original PI. This procedure can be applied to simplify the clinician's use of an established PI for classification purposes. 相似文献
3.
Bivariate probit models can deal with a problem usually known as endogeneity. This issue is likely to arise in observational studies when confounders are unobserved. We are concerned with testing the hypothesis of exogeneity (or absence of endogeneity) when using regression spline recursive and sample selection bivariate probit models. Likelihood ratio and gradient tests are discussed in this context and their empirical properties investigated and compared with those of the Lagrange multiplier and Wald tests through a Monte Carlo study. The tests are illustrated using two datasets in which the hypothesis of exogeneity needs to be tested. 相似文献
4.
Rosalba Radice 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》2012,54(4):401-426
Traditional phylogenetic inference assumes that the history of a set of taxa can be explained by a tree. This assumption is often violated as some biological entities can exchange genetic material giving rise to non‐treelike events often called reticulations. Failure to consider these events might result in incorrectly inferred phylogenies. Phylogenetic networks provide a flexible tool which allows researchers to model the evolutionary history of a set of organisms in the presence of reticulation events. In recent years, a number of methods addressing phylogenetic network parameter estimation have been introduced. Some of them are based on the idea that a phylogenetic network can be defined as a directed acyclic graph. Based on this definition, we propose a Bayesian approach to the estimation of phylogenetic network parameters which allows for different phylogenies to be inferred at different parts of a multiple DNA alignment. The algorithm is tested on simulated data and applied to the ribosomal protein gene rps11 data from five flowering plants, where reticulation events are suspected to be present. The proposed approach can be applied to a wide variety of problems which aim at exploring the possibility of reticulation events in the history of a set of taxa. 相似文献
5.
Alessandra Rosalba Brazzale Alberto Salvan Stefano Roletti 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics》2004,53(2):261-278
Summary. The paper describes how to use hierarchical models to assess the reliability of and agreement between two or more types of measurement device. The idea is illustrated by fitting a linear model with nested random effects to a set of data that was obtained from the calibration of two samples of extremely low frequency magnetic field meters. The paper focuses on the formulation of a suitable model that accounts for the various aspects of the calibration protocol and the subsequent interpretation of the parameter estimates. The approach is very flexible and can easily be tuned to the various needs arising in the measurement agreement framework. It can be seen as an extension of the common practice of using a one-way random-effects model to retrieve a measure of agreement. 相似文献
6.
Leticia Villarreal Sosa Silvia Diaz Rosalba Hernandez 《Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work》2019,38(1):21-42
Taller de Jose (TDJ) offers accompaniment in a Mexican neighborhood in Chicago, helping service participants navigate health, judicial, and social service systems. Using a community-based participatory approach, the current study conceptualizes the accompaniment service and identifies psychosocial outcomes. Focus groups with service participants and staff were conducted, using a grounded theory approach. The data provides support for a conceptual model of accompaniment based on interdisciplinary knowledge in ministry, social work, and public health; and a consideration of social context, values, and outcomes such as increased social support, knowledge of community resources, and improved self-efficacy. 相似文献
7.
We introduce a framework for estimating the effect that a binary treatment has on a binary outcome in the presence of unobserved confounding. The methodology is applied to a case study which uses data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey and whose aim is to estimate the effect of private health insurance on health care utilization. Unobserved confounding arises when variables which are associated with both treatment and outcome are not available (in economics this issue is known as endogeneity). Also, treatment and outcome may exhibit a dependence which cannot be modeled using a linear measure of association, and observed confounders may have a non-linear impact on the treatment and outcome variables. The problem of unobserved confounding is addressed using a two-equation structural latent variable framework, where one equation essentially describes a binary outcome as a function of a binary treatment whereas the other equation determines whether the treatment is received. Non-linear dependence between treatment and outcome is dealt using copula functions, whereas covariate-response relationships are flexibly modeled using a spline approach. Related model fitting and inferential procedures are developed, and asymptotic arguments presented. 相似文献
8.
Rosalba Icaza Garza 《Globalizations》2013,10(4):485-506
Abstract This article analyses how neo-Gramscian IPE and IR traditions look at the transborder agency of civil society actors in the making and re-making of regional orders. In particular, the article identifies key limitations of neo-Gramscian analyses that derive, on one hand, from how agency is understood and, on the other, from an insufficient attention to complex and paradoxical features of transborder collective action. Having as a case study three examples of Mexican TCA opposing market-driven regionalization policies during the 1990s, my empirical observations suggest that diversity and ambivalences of collective transborder action need to be addressed as first order questions. Despite this, neo-Gramscian accounts on transborder forms of collective action have either emphasized that: a) agency is conditioned by powerful structures of the global political economy; or b) that agency is making up these structures. While not rejecting this altogether but attempting to go further, this article advances a critique of both ‘emphases’ on agency and some alternatives. 相似文献
9.
van der Wurp Hendrik Groll Andreas Kneib Thomas Marra Giampiero Radice Rosalba 《Statistics and Computing》2020,30(5):1419-1432
Statistics and Computing - We propose a versatile joint regression framework for count responses. The method is implemented in the R add-on package GJRM and allows for modelling linear and... 相似文献
10.
The classic recursive bivariate probit model is of particular interest to researchers since it allows for the estimation of the treatment effect that a binary endogenous variable has on a binary outcome in the presence of unobservables. In this article, the authors consider the semiparametric version of this model and introduce a model fitting procedure which permits to estimate reliably the parameters of a system of two binary outcomes with a binary endogenous regressor and smooth functions of continuous covariates. They illustrate the empirical validity of the proposal through an extensive simulation study. The approach is applied to data from a survey, conducted in Botswana, on the impact of education on women's fertility. Some studies suggest that the estimated effect could have been biased by the possible endogeneity arising because unobservable confounders (e.g., ability and motivation) are associated with both fertility and education. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 39: 259–279; 2011 © 2011 Statistical Society of Canada 相似文献