Immigration,investment, and real wages

When a country is the recipient of large-scale, politically motivated immigration – as has been the case for Israel in recent years – the initial impact is to reduce real wages. Over the longer term, however, the endogenous response of investment, together with increasing returns, may well actually increase real earnings. If immigration itself is not wholly exogenous, but respond to real wages, they may be multiple equilibria, that is, optimism or pessimism about the success of the economy at absorbing immigrants may constitute a self-fulfilling prophecy. Received August 22, 1994 / Accepted August 23, 1995     

收益递增与经济地理

为了实现规模经济和降低交通成本,制造业企业经常选择需求较大的区域作为生产区位,但是需求区位本身又依赖于制造业的分布。“核心—外围”模式的形成取决于运输成本、经济规模和制造业在国民收入中的比例等因素。通过建立一个简单的模型,可以揭示一个国家如何内生地分化为工业的“核心”区和农业的“边缘”区的过程。     

Survey based needs assessment: a paradigm for planning the decentralization of continuing health professional education

This paper describes the efforts of the SEARCH/AHEC Program of the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center to base the conduct of administration of its most important program component largely on results of a comprehensive survey of potential recipients of its services. Three major evaluation problems were encountered. Two of these were primarily political in nature, the other was analytical. They involved the entire range of functions associated with the survey, from collection of the data, to its analysis, dissemination and use. Management of these problems required compromise. Useful product was attained through the application of somewhat unconventional techniques, and the success of this exercise bears witness to the wisdom of employing these measures. Future annual resurvey is expected to leave its mark on all aspects of management of the program and to underlie its planning to an even greater extent than that here described.