国外城市机场噪声治理的多元路径及其启示

20世纪80年代以来,随着中国城市发展速度的持续提升,各级各类城市机场的建设步伐也不断加快,时至今日,机场已经成为了许多城市重要的对外交通枢纽和新的城市商业中心。但以噪声污染为重要表征的负外部性输出,在中国城市机场也呈现出蔓延之势。文章通过相关文献资料梳理发现,国外对城市机场噪声的治理一般通过机场规划、降噪技术、噪声征税、制度规制、强化绿化等多种路径展开。了解国外治理城市机场噪声的实践探索,对于我们寻求中国城市机场噪声治理的未来道路,具有重要的启示和借鉴意义。     

The disembedded digital economy: Social protection for new economy employment in China

This research focuses upon employment in the new economy, exploring labour protection and social protection in the digital age in China. Through an empirical survey conducted in three Chinese cities, social insurance and the labour rights of employees in the digital economic sector, such as gig employment, e-commerce, and various other forms of online employment, have been examined in-depth. This study reveals new regulatory loopholes in the digital labour market, which have substantially eroded the basis of social policy arrangements in China, “softening” participation in social insurance branches and compliance with labour regulations remarkably. Drawing upon the theoretical concepts of Polanyi on embeddedness and disembeddedness, we argue that the digital employment sector in China has been increasingly disembedded from social institutions and social control. The new configuration in the digital field of social policy requires novel conceptual models and institutional settings to cope with increasing social risks in virtual spaces.     

A New Methodology for Before–After Safety Assessment Using Survival Analysis and Longitudinal Data

The widely used empirical Bayes (EB) and full Bayes (FB) methods for before–after safety assessment are sometimes limited because of the extensive data needs from additional reference sites. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel before–after safety evaluation methodology based on survival analysis and longitudinal data as an alternative to the EB/FB method. A Bayesian survival analysis (SARE) model with a random effect term to address the unobserved heterogeneity across sites is developed. The proposed survival analysis method is validated through a simulation study before its application. Subsequently, the SARE model is developed in a case study to evaluate the safety effectiveness of a recent red‐light‐running photo enforcement program in New Jersey. As demonstrated in the simulation and the case study, the survival analysis can provide valid estimates using only data from treated sites, and thus its results will not be affected by the selection of defective or insufficient reference sites. In addition, the proposed approach can take into account the censored data generated due to the transition from the before period to the after period, which has not been previously explored in the literature. Using individual crashes as units of analysis, survival analysis can incorporate longitudinal covariates such as the traffic volume and weather variation, and thus can explicitly account for the potential temporal heterogeneity.     

三国时期西部农业开发述论

三国时期 ,曹魏控制西北 ,蜀汉占据西南 ,两国主要在西部地区争战 ,粮草供给成为决定胜负的关键因素 ,为此双方都采取了恢复和发展粮食生产的措施。曹魏在西部一些适宜农业的战略要地大兴屯田 ,开发关陇、稳定河西 ,每年收获大量谷物供给军粮 ,以守为攻 ,迎战蜀军 ;蜀汉占据西南之后 ,诸葛亮注意处理好民族关系 ,发挥当地的农业资源优势 ,劝农积谷。为了解决北伐运粮的困难 ,还在汉中及渭水南岸一些地区设置少量屯田。不同的农业开发措施与双方的治乱胜败有很大关系。     

论《四库总目》文学批评的经世价值取向

明末清初 ,宋明理学已经发展到极端 ,于是清初文人倡导儒家传统的经世致用思想以救理学空疏浮泛之弊 ,经世思想成为一时社会思潮的主流。《四库全书总目》的文学批评无论是功用价值论、创作主客体论还是艺术风格论都由此而带上浓郁的经世色彩     

内核级并发通信的研究

提出了一种内核级并发消息通信机制。该机制采用对象传送协议和动态线程池技术,并通过会话控制完成数据的收发过程,将线程池设计为二级阻塞队列来暂缓线程的撤销过程,从而保证既能够快速响应客户请求,又可减少因频繁创建和撤销线程而消耗系统的资源和时间,为分布式操作系统提供了高效可靠的通信服务。     

日本研讨自然辩证法的思想方法

日本是开展自然辩证法研究比较早的国家之一 ,并在研讨自然辩证法方面形成了许多富有启发性的思想方法。可将其概括为 :自由论争的思想方法、“具体化”的思想方法、发展的思想方法、联盟的思想方法     

证券市场中上市公司粉饰报表的原因及治理

上市公司粉饰报表对我国经济的健康发展危害严重。上市公司粉饰报表的原因主要在于 :一是上市公司存在粉饰报表的内在动因 ,二是企业外部监督约束机制不健全。解决上市公司粉饰报表的问题 ,首先要加强会计人员的职业道德教育 ,其次要进一步完善上市公司的外部监管机制     

孔明苑——博物馆陈列新尝试

长期以来关于诸葛亮事迹的展览一直阙如，今成都武侯祠决定将听鹂馆重点改造，更名为孔明苑。文章详细论述了新一届领导班子上任后克服重重困难，进行了从展陈内容、展陈方式和展陈效果方面充分体现游客的参与性的大胆改造。通过此次尝试，成都武侯祠博物馆获得了一定的经验，为使孔明苑成为专门展示诸葛亮文化的地方，并最终形成“三国文化收藏、研究、展示中心”，奠定了基础。     

微量热法在酶促反应热动力学性质研究中的应用

讨论了用微量热法测定酶促反应的米氏常数，酶活性，表观速率常数及表观活化能等动力学参数的实验方法和测定原理．介绍了摩尔反应焓的测定和计算方法，并借助过渡状态理论，探讨了酶底复合过程的吉氏自由能、焓和熵等热力学函数值的测定和计算方法