Parental stress and parenting in Chinese immigrant families: The mediating role of social support

As the population of Chinese immigrants has been growing rapidly in the United States, it has been understudied on the parenting behaviours as well as the roles parental stress and social support playing in parenting in this group. This study investigated whether parental stress was associated with parenting and whether this relationship was mediated by social support in a sample of 255 Chinese immigrant parents from the Survey of Asian American Families in New York City. Regression analyses with a rich array of control variables found that a higher level of parental stress and the presence of one or more stressors such as unemployment, low income, and low education were positively associated with the use of harsh discipline and parent–child conflicts and negatively associated with positive parenting practices. Social support functioned as a significant mediator in the relationships between parental stress and positive parenting practices but not in the relationships of parental stress with parent–child conflict or the use of harsh discipline.     

Academic Performance of Subsequent Schools and Impacts of Early Interventions: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Head Start Settings

The role of subsequent school contexts in the long-term effects of early childhood interventions has received increasing attention, but has been understudied in the literature. Using data from the Chicago School Readiness Project (CSRP), a cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted in Head Start programs, we investigate whether the intervention had differential effects on academic and behavioral outcomes in kindergarten if children attended high- or low-performing schools subsequent to the preschool intervention year. To address the issue of selection bias, we adopt an innovative method, principal score matching, and control for a set of child, mother, and classroom covariates. We find that exposure to the CSRP intervention in the Head Start year had significant effects on academic and behavioral outcomes in kindergarten for children who subsequently attended high-performing schools, but no significant effects on children attending low-performing schools. Policy implications of the findings are discussed.     

铜、镉、汞对水稻幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的:研究必需元素Cu2+和非必需元素Cd2+、Hg2+对水稻幼苗生长的影响,探讨水稻抵抗重金属毒害的机理.方法:用质量浓度为0.25 mmol/L、0.5 mmol/L、1.0 mmol/L重金属离子溶液滴灌水稻幼苗,测定处理后幼苗根和叶的长度,蛋白质和叶绿素含量,过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性及过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶同工酶的表达变化.结果:重金属离子抑制水稻幼苗生长,降低幼苗根和叶可溶性蛋白含量,增强了根、叶POD活性和根系SOD活性;Cu2+增强幼苗叶SOD活性,而Cd2+和Hg2+抑制幼苗叶SOD活性.不同浓度Cd2+降低水稻幼苗叶绿素含量;不同浓度Hg2+降低幼苗根和叶CAT活性;Cd2+增强根CAT活性,但抑制叶CAT活性;随着Cu2+浓度增大而逐渐减弱根和叶CAT活性.POD与SOD同工酶电泳结果与其活性检测相一致.结论:Cu2+、Cd2+、Hg2+处理对水稻幼苗POD、SOD和CAT活性的影响与重金属种类和浓度有关并存在器官特异性.水稻幼苗表现出抗氧化活性增加和减少两种情况,说明抗氧化系统不仅具有解毒功能,同时还是Cd2+、Cu2+和Hg2+对植物产生毒性的作用位点.     

红山文化玉器造型特征及相关问题试析

红山文化是我国新石器时代北方原始文化的代表。红山玉器是红山文化最突出的标志和重要组成部分,在中华文明起源的进程中发挥了重要作用。大量的红山文化玉器的出土,向世人展示了红山玉器丰富的文化内涵。红山玉器独特的造型设计和精湛的雕琢技艺,在我国玉器发展史上具有深远的影响。对红山文化玉器造型特征及相关问题研究,有利于进一步发掘我...     

环境信息披露中的政企演化博弈——媒体监督视角

在生态文明建设过程中,媒体作为重要的社会监督主体,在政府监管企业环境信息披露过程中具有重要作用。针对目前企业环境信息披露质量较低的问题,从理论层面分析影响企业环境信息披露的外界因素;立足媒体监督视角,建立政府与企业在环境信息披露中的演化博弈模型,对政府与企业的策略选择和演化稳定策略进行分析;利用Matlab软件进行仿真研究,分析各参数的变化对政企策略选择的影响程度。结果表明:加大媒体监督力度可以督促企业环境信息披露和提高政府监管效率,但媒体监督力度过大会弱化政府监管效力。因此,政府在完善媒体监督机制,加大媒体监督力度的同时也要提升自身监管水平。     

社会心理服务体系建设视角下铸牢中华民族共同体意识的路径——基于共同内群体认同理论

党的十九大报告提出“铸牢中华民族共同体意识”,培育中华民族共同体意识是民族地区社会心理服务体系建设的重要组成部分。费孝通提出了“中华民族多元一体格局”的构想,为国家民族政策提出了一个学术的理路。Gaetner和Dovidio提出的共同内群体认同模型和费孝通“多元一体”及现在党和国家提出的“共同体意识”的思想不谋而合,其理论框架可以为铸牢中华民族共同体意识的路径提供借鉴。该理论认为共同内群体的形成受到一系列因素的制约,包括群体间的相互依赖性、群体间的差异性、社会情境、预接触经验等。为铸牢中华民族共同体意识,需要充分考虑这些因素的影响,在良好的制度支持和社会氛围的基础上,突出不同民族的相似性和共同性、淡化差异性,增加平等的接触机会,促进跨民族互动与合作。通过构建共同内群体认同促进中华民族认同,突出民族之间的相互依存关系,使汉族和少数民族共同努力,共同铸牢中华民族共同体意识。通过引导各民族人民把自己和其他民族成员视为民族共同体的一部分,可以增进彼此之间的感知相似性、信任和理解,减少威胁感,最终带来认知（积极的想法）、情绪（同情和关爱）和行为（合作和帮助）方面的积极改变。     

仙人掌多糖清除活性氧作用研究

用超声波浸提醇沉淀法从仙人掌中提取并纯化多糖,采用分光光度法在多种体系中研究了仙人掌多糖清除活性氧的作用,用琼脂糖凝胶电泳法观察了该多糖对·OH导致DNA链损伤的抑制作用.结果表明,仙人掌多糖能够有效地清除O2-和·OH等活性氧,对·OH导致的DNA损伤具有良好的保护效果.     

Welfare residualism: a comparative study of the Basic Livelihood Security systems in China and South Korea

Gao Q, Yoo J, Yang S‐M, Zhai F. Welfare residualism: a comparative study of the Basic Livelihood Security systems in China and South Korea Int J Soc Welfare 2011: 20: 113–124 © 2010 The Author(s), International Journal of Social Welfare © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and International Journal of Social Welfare. In this article, the Basic Livelihood Security (BLS) systems of China and South Korea are compared. The purpose of BLS is to provide a safety net for poor families, particularly the unemployed and the retired who were hard‐hit by recent economic reforms and crises. A common characteristic of the two systems is residual welfare marked by strict eligibility rules and limited coverage. Both systems are subordinate to the primary goal of economic growth and therefore only compensate for the very disadvantaged left behind by market competition. Neither system is particularly effective in achieving its original antipoverty goals. However, South Korea's provision of self‐support programs to supplement cash transfers has helped individuals to move from welfare to work, and thus has implications for China's BLS system. Both countries need to put more emphasis on equity and social justice in their ongoing reforms and expansions of BLS.     

African American males in foster care and the risk of delinquency: the value of social bonds and permanence

Juvenile delinquency remains a significant problem for child welfare systems throughout the United States. Victims of child abuse and neglect are more likely relative to children in the general population to engage in delinquency (Ryan & Testa, 2005; Widom, 1989). Although the magnitude of this relationship is not fully understood (Zingraff, Leiter, Myers, & Johnsen, 1993), the risk of delinquency is particularly high for African American males, adolescents, and children in substitute care settings. Unfortunately little is known about the factors that connect the experiences of maltreatment and delinquency. This lack of knowledge makes it nearly impossible to decrease the risk of delinquency for children in foster care. To improve the understanding of juvenile delinquency in the child welfare system, the current study tests aspects of social control theory within the context of foster care. We focus specifically on the effects of foster parent-foster child attachment, commitment, and permanence. The results indicate that strong levels of attachment decrease the risk of delinquency for youth in foster care. Involvement with religious organizations also decreases the risk of delinquency. In contrast, perceptions of placement instability, placement with relatives, and school suspensions are associated with an increased risk of delinquency.     

论秘书辅助职能的有效发挥

秘书系统和秘书人员是领导者决策的助手,在机关单位有着特殊地位和特殊身份。秘书在辅助决策的过程中,只有正确处理主角与配角的关系,正确处理继承传统与开拓创新的关系,正确处理主动与被动的关系,廉洁奉公当好领导干部的"身边人",辅助职能才能够得到有效的发挥。