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Stephen F. Pires Steven Block Ronald Belance Nerea Marteache 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》2013,61(1):62-68
ABSTRACT Objective: The present study extends research on campus smoking bans by examining where smokers are violating the policy at a large university in the southeastern region of the United States. Participants: The data collection was conducted by one graduate student from the university in August of 2014. Methods: A global positioning system device was used to collect the geo-coordinates of littered cigarette butts as a proxy measure for smoking violations. Results: A hot spot analysis found a number of spatial concentrations on campus, largely around classroom and administrative buildings along with parking lots and garages. Conclusions: The implications of such findings can direct enforcement to target these areas in order to reduce offenses and fulfill the initial goals of policy-makers and university administrators who support smoke-free campuses. 相似文献
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Laparra Miguel Zugasti Mutilva Nerea García Lautre Ignacio 《Social indicators research》2021,158(2):637-666
Social Indicators Research - The main objective of the article is twofold. On the one hand, it aims to offer a critical analysis of the different operationalizations of the concept of social... 相似文献
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