大学生环境态度对环境政策支持度预测的跨地区研究

Kellert的态度类型量表与Dunlap等人共同编制的新生态范式(NEP)量表分别从两个角度评估环境态度。通过两个量表共同预测大学生对环境态度的支持情况,结果显示环境态度的地区和性别差异显著。西部地区学生环境态度最强烈,而中部、西部地区学生的道德感强于东部学生。不同的态度构成要素能预测对不同环境政策的支持,其中NEP量表的"人与自然"和Kellert量表的"功利主义"对环境政策支持的预测性最强。     

风险社会背景下大学生的信仰危机

当今,世界正由工业社会向风险社会过渡,信仰危机是当代人类面临的全球性问题,信仰危机的出现要求我们关注信仰教育。受全球化的影响,中国也处于风险社会之中。大学生作为我国社会主义事业的接班人,其信仰状况直接关系到国家的前途和命运。本文首先阐述了信仰以及信仰危机的含义,然后分析了我国大学生当前存在的信仰危机及其产生的原因,最后对于解决我国大学生的信仰危机提出了几点建议。     

我国企业建立农产品可追溯系统的成本分析及定价策略研究-基于A企业调研数据的分析

文章以实地调研获得的信息和数据为基础,首次明确分析我国实企业实施可追溯系统需要增加的成本,并以A企业为例,就其实施可追溯某产品具体定价进行了测算,结合笔者在调研中得到的消费者愿意为可追溯产品的支付意愿,为我国实施可追溯系统企业的定价提供相应对策和建议。研究显示,实施可追溯系统的企业产品成本不会大幅提高,企业对可追溯产品的高价策略通常是一种营销策略的选择。消费者对可追溯产品的支付意愿表明,可追溯产品的定价不适合盲目定高价,要充分考虑产品目标人群的收入水平及支付意愿。同时加强对消费者进行风险教育以及可追溯产品知识的普及,对可追溯产品的价格接受会起到重要作用。     

信息技术在中小学体育工作中应用的实效性评价研究

随着基础教育改革的深入，信息技术在各科教学中的应用越来越普遍，体育也不例外。为了探讨和了解信息技术在中小学体育中应用的实际效果，本研究从信息技术应用于中小学体育的实效性内涵入手，对信息技术应用于中小学体育的实效性评价目标、原则、方法以及在实践中应处理的关键问题进行初步探讨，以期促进信息技术在中小学体育中的实际应用。     

Testing non-oblique hypotheses

This paper considers a likelihood ratio test for testing hypotheses defined by non-oblique closed convex cones, satisfying the so called iteration projection property, in a set of k normal means. We obtain the critical values of the test using the Chi-Bar-Squared distribution. The obtuse cones are introduced as a particular class of cones which are non-oblique with every one of their faces. Examples with the simple tree order cone and the total order cone are given to illustrate the results.     

Csiszar’s ϕ-divergences for testing the order in a Markov chain

x ₁, ..., x _n+r can be treated as the sample values of a Markov chain of order r or less (chain in which the dependence extends over r+1 consecutive variables only), and consider the problem of testing the hypothesis H ₀ that a chain of order r− 1 will be sufficient on the basis of the tools given by the Statistical Information Theory: _ϕ-Divergences. More precisely, if p _{a 1 ....., a r}: _{a r +1} denotes the transition probability for a r ^th order Markov chain, the hypothesis to be tested is H ₀:p _{a 1 ....., a r}: _{a r +1} = p _{a 2 ....., a r}: _{a r +1}, a _i ∈{1, ..., s}, i = 1, ..., r + 1 The tests given in this paper, for the first time, will have as a particular case the likelihood ratio test and the test based on the chi-squared statistic. Received: August 3, 1998; revised version: November 25, 1999     

To adjust or not to adjust for baseline when analyzing repeated binary responses? The case of complete data when treatment comparison at study end is of interest

The benefits of adjusting for baseline covariates are not as straightforward with repeated binary responses as with continuous response variables. Therefore, in this study, we compared different methods for analyzing repeated binary data through simulations when the outcome at the study endpoint is of interest. Methods compared included chi‐square, Fisher's exact test, covariate adjusted/unadjusted logistic regression (Adj.logit/Unadj.logit), covariate adjusted/unadjusted generalized estimating equations (Adj.GEE/Unadj.GEE), covariate adjusted/unadjusted generalized linear mixed model (Adj.GLMM/Unadj.GLMM). All these methods preserved the type I error close to the nominal level. Covariate adjusted methods improved power compared with the unadjusted methods because of the increased treatment effect estimates, especially when the correlation between the baseline and outcome was strong, even though there was an apparent increase in standard errors. Results of the Chi‐squared test were identical to those for the unadjusted logistic regression. Fisher's exact test was the most conservative test regarding the type I error rate and also with the lowest power. Without missing data, there was no gain in using a repeated measures approach over a simple logistic regression at the final time point. Analysis of results from five phase III diabetes trials of the same compound was consistent with the simulation findings. Therefore, covariate adjusted analysis is recommended for repeated binary data when the study endpoint is of interest. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Main Problems and Countermeasures of Realizing Mutual Benefit and Win-Win In "9+2" Mode

Pan-Zhujiang Delta Economic Cooperation zone in-cludes Hong Kong and Macao special administrative re-gions and Guangdong,Guangxi,Hunan,Fujian,Jiangxi,Hainan,Sichuan,Guizhou and Yunnan,whichis also called“9 2”mode.The formation of“9 2”mode is a strateg…     

Creating a positive emotional culture: Effect of internal communication and impact on employee supportive behaviors

The study surveyed 506 employees in the United States to test the effect of internal communication (i.e., corporate-level symmetrical and leadership-level responsive communications) on fostering a positive emotional culture characterized by companionate love, joy, pride, and gratitude. In addition, we tested the interplay between corporate internal communication and a positive emotional culture and its influence on supportive employee behaviors, specifically, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and employee advocacy. Results indicated that symmetrical communication and responsive leadership communication cultivated a positive emotional culture in organizations. Such culture also fostered employee OCB and advocacy. Moreover, corporate symmetrical communication directly and positively influenced employee OCB. Finally, this study found that employee OCB positively affected employee advocacy. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings for public relations scholars and practitioners were discussed.     

“诺思悖论”视阈下民国时期农村信用社制度变迁及其困境

“诺思悖论”,即“国家的存在是经济增长的关键,然而国家又是人为经济衰退的根源。”本文以“诺思悖论”为理论契机,对民国时期农村信用社的发展演变作制度分析,将民国时期农村信用社问题的研究置于一种矛盾状态之中,在国家兴办农村信用社的目的、农村信用社发展的绩效等问题上提出质疑,说明民国时期农村信用社陷于非效率状态的真正原因。期望为人们更清晰地认识当前农村信用社发展存在的问题提供参考,为当前农村信用社走出“诺思悖论”提供启示。