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The primary aim of this paper is to examine whether resources accruing to different members of the household and from different
sources have differential impacts on household expenditure patterns. The issue is of considerable policy interest for, if
the identity of the income recipient does matter in the household’s expenditure decisions, then it indicates the usefulness
of targeting income assistance at particular members of the household. The South African evidence is generally supportive
of the hypothesis of resource pooling by the income earners in their spending decisions on food, clothing and energy. The
results of this paper have been placed in the wider context of social, political and economic developments following the end
of apartheid that have caused significant changes in the nature of resource inflow and in the balance of power in decision
making within the South African household. The results are indicative of improvements in the standard of living of the majority
of South Africans following the end of apartheid.
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Ranjan RayEmail: |
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ABSTRACTAlthough there is a significant literature on the asymptotic theory of Bayes factor, the set-ups considered are usually specialized and often involves independent and identically distributed data. Even in such specialized cases, mostly weak consistency results are available. In this article, for the first time ever, we derive the almost sure convergence theory of Bayes factor in the general set-up that includes even dependent data and misspecified models. Somewhat surprisingly, the key to the proof of such a general theory is a simple application of a result of Shalizi to a well-known identity satisfied by the Bayes factor. Supplementary materials for this article are available online. 相似文献
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Anjana Maitra PhD 《Marriage & Family Review》2013,49(2-3):350-356
ABSTRACT Mothers are the primary caregivers, nurturers, and providers of family care and stability. Therefore maternal death isnot only a personal tragedy but isdevastating for the entirefamily and frequently extends to a community. Considering the societal roles that mothers play, it is particularly important that countries undertake all possible measures to reduce maternal death. This article focuses on information and communication technology as an available tool when aiming at the reduction of maternal death. This tool can play a decisive role in behavioral change communication and safe motherhood and raise awareness among people, contribute to training and capacity building, and help in advocacy at the grassroots level. 相似文献
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Purnima Mehrotra Stephen L. Schensul Niranjan Saggurti Joseph A. Burleson Shubhada Maitra 《心理学和人类性特征杂志》2015,27(1):57-68
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to describe a scale that operationalizes the World Health Organization concept of sexual health and to assess factors associated with scale variation. Methods: Qualitative in-depth interviews (N = 39), sexual health interviews (N = 21), and survey data (N = 1,128) for this article are drawn from an Indo-U.S. project to reduce the incidence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among poor urban married women (aged 18–49 years old) in Mumbai, India. Results: Lower sexual health status was significantly associated with gender inequity, marital violence, poorer marital relationships and physical health, and lower empowerment and social support. Conclusions: This work demonstrates the need to view sexual health in the broader context of community and family. 相似文献
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Biswajit Maitra 《Journal of Policy Modeling》2019,41(2):372-394
Accumulation of public debt in Sri Lanka is raised significantly since the independence. It exceeded 100% of gross domestic products (GDP) in the late 1980s and the early 2000s. Although it has been declined in the recent past and becomes 79.3% of GDP in 2016; the high level of debt in a weak fiscal position of the small economy Sri Lanka is an issue of concern. In this backdrop, this paper examines the impact of public debt and foreign aid on income, price level and interest rate in Sri Lanka for the post-reform period. It is found that public debt in general and foreign debt, in particular, depresses income and stimulates price level. Domestic debt has some impact on the price level. On the other hand, foreign aid has a deleterious effect on both the income and price level. The foreign debt and aid have raised interest rate both in the short-run and in the long-run, while no significant impact of the domestic debt on interest rate is found. Based on these findings, the paper elaborates on some long-term measures for reducing the dependence on debt and aid in Sri Lanka. 相似文献
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Lifetime Data Analysis - In large prospective cohort studies, accumulation of covariate information and follow-up data make up the majority of the cost involved in the study. This might lead to the... 相似文献
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Group Couples' Intervention to Improve Sexual Health Among Married Women in a Low‐Income Community in Mumbai,India
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Shubhada Maitra Stephen L. Schensul Benjamin D. Hallowell Marie A. Brault Bonnie K. Nastasi 《Journal of marital and family therapy》2018,44(1):73-89
This article describes the design and implementation of a group couples' intervention focused on improving women's sexual health as a component of a multilevel community, clinical, and counseling intervention project conducted in association with a gynecological service in a municipal urban health center in a low‐income community in Mumbai, India. The group couples' intervention involved four single‐gender and two mixed‐gender sessions designed to address the dynamics of the marital relationship and establish a more equitable spousal relationship as a means to improve women's sexual and marital health. Involvement of men presented a major challenge to couple's participation. For those couples that did participate, qualitative findings revealed significant changes in couple and family relations, sexual health knowledge, and emotional well‐being. 相似文献
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Das Subhasis Kumar Shit Pravat Bera Biswajit Adhikary Partha Pratim 《Urban Ecosystems》2022,25(5):1541-1559
Urban Ecosystems - Urbanization has profound influence on the changes of land use and land cover, which on the other hand exert significant impact on ecosystem services and their values, especially... 相似文献
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