用XPS和AES研究MoS_4~(2-)在钢铁表面的配位化学反应

本文研究MoS_4~(2-)在钢铁表面发生配位化学反应所形成的具有装饰效果的多种彩色Mo-S-Fe表面簇合物膜。FI-IR、F-IR、FT-Raman、XPS和AES分析表明,簇合物膜由Fe、Mo、S、O元素组成,在膜表面铁以Fe(Ⅲ)、钼以Mo(Ⅵ)状态存在,而在膜内层以Fe(Ⅱ)、Mo(Ⅳ)和Mo(Ⅵ)共存,S和O都呈-2介,膜表面含少量 4、 6价硫。从AES深度分布曲线的组成恒定区求得了各组元素的相对原子百分浓度和膜层厚度,反应时间越长,膜越厚,膜为多分层子结构。加热后膜层所含元素种类及价态不变,但其元素分布有所改变。     

Attitudes of Heterosexual Men and Women Toward HIV Negative and Positive Gay Men

Attitudes of Italian heterosexual men and women toward gay men, both HIV positive and negative, are poorly investigated. Italian culture is still extremely conservative and provides limited support to the gay community (e.g., lack of same-sex marriage recognition). Consequently, gay men experience social exclusion and disparities. The present study explores the association between homophobia and closeness with sexual orientation and HIV status. 261 heterosexual Italian men and women were assessed for feelings of closeness and homophobia after reading a vignette where the character was C1: heterosexual and HIV negative; C2: gay and HIV negative; or C3: gay and HIV positive. Experiences of homophobia and closeness varied depending on gender of participant and condition assigned, and higher levels of homophobia were correlated with lower levels of closeness regardless of HIV status. Implications and future directions are discussed.     

Powerblindness

In the land of the blind, the one‐eyed man may be king. But positions of power may produce their own forms of blindness. This paper reviews multiple theoretical approaches to the concept of powerblindness and categorizes these literatures into five forms through which powerblindness operates: powerblind identity (failure to notice that one belongs to a privileged group), powerblind egalitarianism (belief that all groups are equal in power), powerblind hierarchy (emphasis on one's own subordinate position), powerblind exception (the claim that one is less privileged than others in one's group), and powerblind justification (belief that present‐day hierarchy is merited or inevitable). The paper identifies studies offering evidence for each, drawing on social‐psychological experiments, survey data, and qualitative research, suggesting that power and knowledge do not necessarily go hand in hand – some forms of knowledge about the social order may be more visible to people with less power than to people with more.     

Wissensvermittlung in Beratungsprozessen

In the science of counseling there nearly has been no theoretical reflection on the phenomena of how knowledge effects the orderliness, structure and sequential patterns of interaction in counseling. In the scientific field of educational analysis, increasing attention has been given to the debates of knowledge societies and knowledge management. In the present discussions many concepts of ??knowledge?? are based on a cognitive model using terms like ??content?? and ??data??. In contrast to this theoretical view, a knowledge based framework to research micro-processes of guidance and counseling is developed. The method of qualitative Conversation Analysis, based on ethnomethodological principles, is used to establish an interpretive account of the interactional process in a counseling context. Based on this analysis, a model with four dimensions is developed identifying different action formations which illustrate not only ideal but also problematic aspects of career guidance and counseling.     

Mother and Grandmother Parenting in Low‐Income Three‐Generation Rural Households

This study draws data from the Family Life Project to examine parenting behaviors observed for 105 mothers and grandmothers raising an infant in rural low‐income multigenerational households. Multilevel models are used to examine the relationships between maternal age and psychological distress and parenting of the infant by both generations. The findings indicate that young maternal age is a risk factor for less sensitive parenting in the presence of other risks, including psychological distress. Further, young maternal age is associated with negative parenting behaviors by grandmothers only. Grandmothers and mothers displayed similar levels of negative intrusive parenting, but different factors were linked to the observed parenting of each generation. These findings contribute to understanding the benefits and risks of three‐generation households.     

Linking Financial Strain to Marital Instability: Examining the Roles of Emotional Distress and Marital Interaction

Using a sample consisting of 4,997 married couples from the National Survey of Families and Households, individual emotional distress, the occurrence of couple disagreements, couple fighting, and couple quality time together mediated the relationship between financial strain and personal assessments of marital instability. The overall results suggest that financial strain influences both positive and negative forms of couple interaction which are stronger mediators than personal emotional distress of the relationship between financial strain and marital instability. The results further suggest that there were no gender differences among these linkages.     

精品课程建设中教材编写的创新思路探索——普通高等教育《土壤学》(“十五”国家级规划)教材的编写体会与实践

作者结合北京市精品课程建设,在组织编写普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材《土壤学》的过程中,认为首先应明确教材编写的指导思想,即在课程教材体系上有所创新,在课程教材内容上有所更新,在教学方法和手段上有所革新。同时在贯彻适用性和特色两个原则的基础上,进行了一些编写思路的探索和创新实践,这包括摸清读者底细、确定专业目标、把握课程内涵、了解市场需求,及正确处理好理论与应用、深度与广度、难度与易度、传统与创新、利教与利学、知识传授与技能培养的关系。通过以上步骤,保证了教材的先进性、系统性和特色,并实现了网络教学。     

中国加入世界贸易组织与高校思想政治工作

中国加入世界贸易组织已经5年整。入世对我国高校的思想政治工作产生巨大的影响,尤其是在大学生的价值观念的形成、高校思想政治工作的基本内容、方式以及高校政工队伍的素质等方面提出了严重的挑战。同时也带来高校思想政治工作的发展机遇,使其内容更加丰富,拓展了思想政治工作的理论和实践的空间;形式愈加多样,易于为人们所接受,进一步增强了时效性。