Classroom sex composition and first-grade school outcomes: The role of classroom behavior

Using nationally representative data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort (N = 21,409; 10,452 girls and 10,957 boys; mean age = 7.24 years), the association between first-grade classroom sex composition (CSC), measured as the percentage of female students, and end of the year academic (reading, mathematics) and socio-emotional (externalizing problems, internalizing problems, self-control, interpersonal skills) outcomes was examined. Using multilevel modeling techniques and controlling for prior achievement levels, CSC was positively associated with children’s reading achievement at the end of first grade; students performed better in reading in classes with a higher percentage of female students. CSC was also associated with three of the socio-emotional outcomes; controlling for prior levels, students in classrooms with a higher percentage of girls had better self-control and interpersonal skills and fewer internalizing problems. Classroom behavior mediated the effects of CSC on reading achievement and the socio-emotional outcomes. Implications for the composition of first-grade classrooms are discussed.     

Web-Based Accountability among United Way of Texas Chapters

Public Organization Review - The paper uses data from 68 United Way of Texas chapters with web presence to create three indicators for web-based accountability — (1) disclosure of performance...     

European migration potential and prospects

Since the end of the war much discussion has taken place on the problem of emigration overseas. In this paper the author examines the potential number of emigrants from different parts of Europe, as well as the obstacles to emigration and immigration which they would have to overcome in order to realize their ambition. The general conclusion is reached that a resumption of migration on the nineteenth-century scale is extremely unlikely and that many of the public statements that have recently been made on the subject do not take full account of the facts.     

以后期维特根斯坦为导向探讨宗教理解的语言哲学前提

哈贝马斯主张,为使宗教进入公共领域,必须对它们的文本进行分类和翻译,从而把它们的命题含义与它们的神圣外衣加以分离,以便使它们的意义成为公众可理解的.作者以后期维特根斯坦的哲学为基础进行论证,认为宗教语言不同于科学语言,因为它们涉及不同的生活形式、处理不同的主题,宗教所关心的是对作为整体的世界的生活态度,而科学则对作为物的总和的世界加以说明,因而把宗教的话语翻译成命题的表达方式的做法既无必要也无助益.     

Aufsichtsratsverflechtungen und ihr Einfluss

This article examines the development of executive compensation of the German DAX corporations from 2001 to 2006. A higher executive compensation requires an approval of the supervisory board. Accordingly, we investigate the social network of the board of directors of these companies and use several variables describing the structure of this network as covariates of the development of the executive compensation in a panel analysis. Fixed and time effects panel estimations imply that a rising number of executives in the supervisory board of other companies results in increasing compensation. By contrast, executive compensation decreases when the supervisory board of the respective company is controlled by a growing number of executives from foreign companies.