A comparison of Swedish and US fathers' self‐reported use of parental discipline

Two samples (pairwise matched in terms of sex of child, age of child, and fathers' education) of fathers from Sweden (n = 50) and the US (n = 50) respectively were interviewed about their use of parental discipline when in conflict with their 38–66‐month‐olds. The results show that, compared with US fathers, Swedish fathers display a range of disciplining approaches from punitive reprimands (i.e., behaviour modification and physical punishment) to restrictive control approaches (i.e., verbal control and physical restraint). No difference was found between Swedish and US fathers in terms of their general tendency to assert compliance when their children misbehave. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The potential of integrated modelling in conservation biology: A case study of the black‐footed albatross (Phoebastria nigripes)

Conservation biology aims at assessing the status of a population, based on information which is often incomplete. Integrated population modelling based on state‐space models appears to be a powerful and relevant way of combining into a single likelihood several types of information such as capture‐recapture data and population surveys. In this paper, the authors describe the principles of integrated population modelling and they evaluate its performance for conservation biology based on a case study, that of the black‐footed albatross, a northern Pacific albatross species suspected to be impacted by longline fishing     

Temporal pattern in number of staff on sick leave: the effect of downsizing

Summary.  The pattern of absenteeism in the downsizing process of companies is a topic in focus in economics and social science. A general question is whether employees who are frequently absent are more likely to be selected to be laid off or in contrast whether employees to be dismissed are more likely to be absent for the remaining time of their working contract. We pursue an empirical and microeconomic investigation of these theses. We analyse longitudinal data that were collected in a German company over several years. We fit a semiparametric transition model based on a mixture Poisson distribution for the days of absenteeism per month. Prediction intervals are considered and the primary focus is on the period of downsizing. The data reveal clear evidence for the hypothesis that employees who are to be laid off are more frequently absent before leaving the company. Interestingly, though, no clear evidence is seen that employees being selected to leave the company are those with a bad absenteeism profile.     

动力学问题解题方法

对动力学问题的各种解法进行了详细讨论 ,以便增强学生选择解题方法的能力     

大学英语多媒体教育软件的设计原则

通过对认知学习理论及建构主义学习理论的分析 ,指出在教育软件的开发过程中 ,开发者应加强对教学理论和教学规律的研究 ;依据建构主义学习理论提出大学英语多媒体教育软件的设计原则 :即以学生为中心 ,强调“情境”、“协作学习”、“学习环境”及英语教学模式的设计 ,从而使语言学习、文化与文学更紧密地结合到一起 ,使学习者更好地学习和掌握英语     

Statistical consulting

The paper and the special issue focus on the activity of statistical consulting and its varieties. This includes academic consulting, consulting to and in industry as well as statistics in public media.     

小议城市绿地指标

城市绿地指标的制定是城市绿地系统规划的重要内容之一 ,是一个城市绿色环境数量及质量的量化标准。本文着重介绍了城市绿地指标的作用 ,影响城市绿地指标的因素以及历来我国城市绿地指标的制定情况。     

Rationality,fairness and the cost of distrust

An adapted version of “the trust game with revenge” is applied to a Swedish setting. Senders – the first-movers – can keep an endowment of SEK 30, or give fractions or all to an unknown receiver. Donations are multiplied by five before reaching receivers, who may, or may not, send back part or the entire received amount. Half of the receivers are given information that the sender has the opportunity to exact revenge, while the remaining are not given this information. Results differ from Fehr and Gächter (2000), in the sense that the share of endowments sent in the first stage is around two thirds, compared to less than one third in Fehr and Gächter. Furthermore, they find a very strong effect of punishment while we find almost no effect. An efficiency frontier is defined and results show that that only 25% of the outcomes reach this frontier due to lack of trust. If senders were confident that receivers would return at least 20% of the donated amount, it is optimal to donate the whole endowment. Only about one-fifth returned of the receivers returned less than this, so for the most part the lack of trust is unwarranted.     

文学搭建的民间文明--汪曾祺论

汪曾祺用文字搭建了一个艺术人间,那里的人们自然也会受到社会、时代的影响,只是还保留了另外一种生活方式,这种生活方式有时与正统文化水乳交融,有时又是对立的.这种"民间的文明"不能简单地用对错评判:"礼失而求诸野"是意味深长的,但其中也常杂些尘滓,有的干脆粗糙得反动.对此,作家是是非分明的.