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This study examines the interplay between job stability, wage rates, and marital stability. We use a Dynamic Selection Control
model in which young men make sequential choices about work and family and estimate the model using an approach that takes
account of self-selection, simultaneity and unobserved heterogeneity. The results quantify how job stability affects wage
rates, how both affect marital status, and how marital status affects earnings and job stability. The study reveals robust
evidence that job changes lower wages and the likelihood of getting married and remaining married. At the same time, marriage
raises wage rates and job stability. To project the sequential effects linking job change, marital status, and earnings, we
simulate the impacts of shocks that raise preferences for marriage and that increase education. Feedback effects cause the
simulated wage gains from marriage to cumulate over time, indicating that long-run marriage wage premiums exceed conventional
short-run estimates. 相似文献
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How do marital status,work effort,and wage rates interact? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
How marital status interacts with men's earnings is an important analytic and policy issue, especially in the context of debates in the United States over programs that encourage healthy marriage. This paper generates new findings about the earnings-marriage relationship by estimating the linkages among flows into and out of marriage, work effort, and wage rates. The estimates are based on National Longitudinal Survey of Youth panel data, covering 23 years of marital and labor market outcomes, and control for unobserved heterogeneity. We estimate marriage effects on hours worked (our proxy for work effort) and on wage rates for all men and for black and low-skilled men separately. The estimates reveal that entering marriage raises hours worked quickly and substantially but that marriage's effect on wage rates takes place more slowly while men continue in marriage. Together; the stimulus to hours worked and wage rates generates an 18%-19% increase in earnings, with about one-third to one-half of the marriage earnings premium attributable to higher work effort. At the same time, higher wage rates and hours worked encourage men to marry and to stay married. Thus, being married and having high earnings reinforce each other over time. 相似文献
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Who should have the right to set the objectives of nonprofit organizations, hire their managers, set compensation standards, and in general control these organizations? Current law and public policy do not provide answers to these questions. Often, nonprofit organizations are controlled by managers and members of the boards of directors or trustees (many of whom are appointed by management). The goals of these individuals may not best serve the interests of those who support the operation of nonprofit organizations. This article proposes a legal and policy framework for empowering consumers, donors, and sponsors—those who have an economic demand for the nonprofit form of organization. The framework establishes a formal status of membership, accords standing in the court of law to members, enhances direct information dissemination by nonprofit organizations, and empowers state-sponsored agencies to support and oversee nonprofit organizations. 相似文献
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Beyond Hitler's Grasp. Michael Bar‐Zohar, Beyond Hitler's Grasp: The Heroic Rescue of Bulgaria's Jews (Holbrook MA: Adams Media Corporation 1998), 299pp. Russian Jews Abroad. Evrei v kulture zarubezhnoy Hossii: Statii, publikatsii, vospominaniya, ocherki (Jews in the Culture of Russia Abroad: Articles, Publications, Memoirs and Essays), Vol. 5. Compiled and published by M. Parkhomovsky. Jerusalem 1996. 560pp. Index Learning the Lessons of the Past. Istvan Pogany, Righting Wrongs in Eastern Europe. Manchester: Manchester University Press 1997, xiv+226pp. Notes. Index. £45.00 相似文献
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Avner Bar-Hen 《Journal of applied statistics》2002,29(8):1229-1240
Density optimization of a plantation is a classical task with important practical consequences. In this article, we present an adaptation of criss-cross design and an alternative analysis. If a tree is missing, the spacing of neighbouring trees is altered and considerable information is lost. We derive the estimate of the missing value that minimizes the residual sum of squares and obtain the analytical solution of the EM algorithm. The relationships between the two techniques are clarified. The method is applied to data from a plantation of Eucalyptus in the Congo. 相似文献
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This paper considers a maximum likelihood procedure for the data obtained by sampling surveys such as stratified sampling and two-stage sampling. We evaluate the variance of the estimators and the distribution of the log-likelihood ratio statistic. 相似文献
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AbstractThis article calls for greater attention to the role of emotion and affect in classroom discussions where theoretical models of discussion and deliberation tend to emphasize the rationalistic elements called for in such pedagogical strategies. Using two examples drawn from secondary classrooms, the authors highlight the role of emotion and affect in student exchanges about controversial public issues. Given the contemporary climate of national political discourse, being prepared for and accommodating these elements will be essential to taking up these strategies as a form of inquiry-oriented teaching and learning that seeks to address public issues with students across the curriculum. 相似文献