In the first issue of Significance , Roland Caulcutt suggested that a common feature of many successful companies is their development of a "management-by-fact" culture. He further suggested that such a culture requires that managers focus on processes, and that control charts be used at all levels throughout the organisation. In this follow-up article he explains how the various types of control chart are set up and used in practice. 相似文献
The authors examined nineteen nonprofit performing arts organizations, investigating the distribution of influence among organizational members, the grouping of volunteers and staff in organizational structures, and the effectiveness of the organizations. The organizations' effectiveness was assessed using multiple performance indicators. The analysis revealed five groupings or configurations of influence, which correlated to the organizations exhibiting the highest and lowest levels of organizational effectiveness. The authors conclude that a variety of structures are associated with good performance but structural dysfunctions are associated with organizational failure, and that members' commitment to an organization's structure is an important element of success. 相似文献
We treat robust M-estimators for independent and identically distributed Poisson data. We introduce modified Tukey M-estimators with bias correction and compare them to M-estimators based on the Huber function as well as to weighted likelihood and other estimators by simulation in case of clean data and data with outliers. In particular, we investigate the problem of combining robustness and high efficiencies at small Poisson means caused by the strong asymmetry of such Poisson distributions and propose a further estimator based on adaptive trimming. The advantages of the constructed estimators are illustrated by an application to smoothing count data with a time varying mean and level shifts. 相似文献
This paper deals with job search strategies and wages among cross‐border commuters residing in the Central European Region (CENTROPE). Our main aim is to investigate the role of social networks as constitutive for job searching and for successful labor market integration. We build upon a theoretical framework developed by Aguilera and Massey, reflecting on the nexus of social networks, job search methods, and related labor market outcomes. Methodologically, we use a new quantitative survey on the employment careers of cross‐border commuters residing in the regions of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary bordering on Austria, conducted in the winter/spring of 2012/2013 (N = 2,573). Our results corroborate the hypothesis that human and social capital resources as well as labor market characteristics serve as key factors for job search and labor market integration among cross‐border commuters in the CENTROPE transnational labor market. 相似文献
Western societies have experienced an increasing flexibilization and deregulation of their labour markets in the last decades. These developments led to an expansion of non-standard work as well as low-paid employment. Nevertheless, there has been little systematic research on flexibilization and low-paid employment in Austria. Against this background, we discuss the growth of low-wages in Austria and analyse which social groups are especially affected by lowpaid work, using data from EU-SILC as well as ECHP for the years 1996–2010. While we find that those with better qualification tend to be better protected against low-pay risks, our results underline that employees in personal services and hospitality industry as well as non-standard workers are increasingly exposed to low-pay risks in the last 15 years. 相似文献
Solution‐focused therapies have had only short‐term effectiveness for clients with serious problems stemming from abuse who come to our family counselling centre in Auckland, New Zealand. In seeking long‐lasting change, we have begun integrating attachment theory into the family systems therapy we have been practising. The Adult Attachment Interview (George, Kaplan, & Main, 1985) has been incorporated into a case in order to study the effectiveness of integrating attachment and family systems theories. This case illustrates how information gathered about the mother's attachment pattern can help the therapist comprehend the client's response to the present crisis, and clear a path through what can appear to be an overwhelming labyrinth of presenting issues. 相似文献
Background: Sexuality in later life may be compromised by restrictive attitudes, and lack of knowledge among professionals. This study examined social work students’ attitudes and knowledge towards sexuality and sexual expression in later life and investigated associated factors.
Method: Undergraduate social work students from Israel (n = 375) completed the Attitudes and Knowledge towards Older Adult’s Sexuality Scale and questionnaires regarding contacts and exposure to older adults, prior sexual education and sociodemographic.
Results: Attitudes and knowledge were correlated. First year students were the most conservative and demonstrated the least knowledge. No differences were found between men and women regarding attitude. However, men and married students had greater knowledge regarding older adults’ sexuality than women or non-married students did. Increased religious observance predicted more conservative attitudes. Age predicted more permissive attitudes and greater knowledge about sexuality in later life. A mediating process examined, suggested knowledge is a mediator variable between age and attitudes towards older adults’ sexuality.
Conclusion: As the population in Israel and in Western countries ages, it is important to examine the knowledge and attitudes of social work students regarding older adults’ sexuality and to develop educational and interventional programs aimed at increasing awareness, knowledge, and positive attitudes in this area. 相似文献
The economic as well as political and ideological crises and transformations of capitalist social formations have created a crisis for Marxist approaches. This affects their assumption about the necessity, desirability and possibility of social transformation, but also about the actors fighting them out and their activities. Thus, a far reaching reformulation of its fundamental epistemological and theoretical assumptions is necessary. This contribution argues that the crisis of Marxism demands a self-reflective engagement with conditions of Marxist theoretical work. The acknowledgement of the fundamental openness and incompleteness of Marxist social critique as well as its contested production is indispensable to avoid authoritarian forms of politics and to be implicated into the legitimation of domination again. The encompassing character of the crisis tendencies of capitalist social formations and the multiplication of fields of conflict demands to overcome a monistic interpretation of social dynamics. To conceptualise capitalist social formations as relation of relations is an indispensable precondition for the analysis of the connections between different social structures and relations of power and dominance. Furthermore, the ability of capitalist social formations to change, which has been shown by the recent crises and transformations, demands a fundamental dynamisation of the Marxist concept of reproduction. The dynamisation of relative surplus production in knowledge based capitalism moves the adaptability of the subjects and their capacity to work centre stage. Only against this background can the plurality of perspectives for emancipation and social struggles come into view for Marxist theoretical work. 相似文献
Our study focuses on the differences in wages and employment between French workers with French parents and French workers
with at least one African parent, using the Formation Qualification Professionnelle survey (Insee, Paris, 2003). We introduce
econometric decompositions, which allow us to reach conclusions when the potentially discriminated group is small. Then, we
clarify the impact of discrimination at the hiring level in this context. We find that unexplained parts in the employment
decompositions are much larger than in the wage decompositions. This suggests that, in France, labor market discrimination
is more frequent at the hiring level than in the compensation process. 相似文献