族裔性的追寻与消解:当代华裔美国作家的身份政治

本文在文化身份理论和后殖民女性主义理论观照下,对赵建秀、徐宗雄等华裔美国男作家和汤亭亭、谭恩美、任璧莲等华裔女性作家的族裔认同和文化书写策略进行了有针对性的对比研究和辨析。揭示出作家们族裔、文化身份的追寻或消解的背后,其实是一种立场的政治,是性别政治与文化政治的纠结;提出在世界依然存在诸多不平等的当下,华裔美国文学应该以对性别、种族、文化的共同关注为己任,张扬族裔文化特性,争取与其他文化平等对话的权利。     

The Effect of External Influences on Mate Selection Necessity Traits: Cross-Cultural Comparisons of Chinese and American Men and Women

In the current study we conducted hierarchical regression analyses to examine the extent to which influences from parents, peers, and the media explained participants’ perceptions of their possible mates’ criteria and their own criteria for age, attractiveness, social status, and wealth in choosing a spouse. Participants included 333 Chinese individuals and 339 Americans. We found that the three external influences accounted for a significant amount of the variation in the perceptions of and the criteria for the four mate selection necessity traits. In particular, media influence was the most significant and consistent external influence predictor. We discussed the cultural and gender differences observed in this study and how our findings might fit into the existing mate selection literature.     

The one-step-late PXEM algorithm

The EM algorithm is a popular method for computing maximum likelihood estimates or posterior modes in models that can be formulated in terms of missing data or latent structure. Although easy implementation and stable convergence help to explain the popularity of the algorithm, its convergence is sometimes notoriously slow. In recent years, however, various adaptations have significantly improved the speed of EM while maintaining its stability and simplicity. One especially successful method for maximum likelihood is known as the parameter expanded EM or PXEM algorithm. Unfortunately, PXEM does not generally have a closed form M-step when computing posterior modes, even when the corresponding EM algorithm is in closed form. In this paper we confront this problem by adapting the one-step-late EM algorithm to PXEM to establish a fast closed form algorithm that improves on the one-step-late EM algorithm by insuring monotone convergence. We use this algorithm to fit a probit regression model and a variety of dynamic linear models, showing computational savings of as much as 99.9%, with the biggest savings occurring when the EM algorithm is the slowest to converge.     

The use of Theory in Family Therapy Research: Content Analysis and Update

In this study, we evaluated 275 empirical studies from Journal of Marital and Family Therapy and Family Process from 2010 to 2015 on their use of theory, and compared our findings to those of a similar previous analysis (Hawley & Geske, 2000). Overall, theory seems to have become much better incorporated in empirical family therapy research, with only 16.4% of the articles not using theory in either their introductory or discussion sections. Theory appeared better incorporated in the introductory sections than in the discussion sections. Systems theory remained the most commonly used conceptual framework, followed by attachment theory. We discuss areas for improving theory incorporation in family therapy research, and offer suggestions for both family therapy researchers and educators.     

南北方少数民族“异类”婚恋故事母题比较研究——以牛郎织女故事为例

在民间故事口耳相传的传播方式下,牛郎织女故事在我国各少数民族中广泛流传,互相影响,呈现出同中有异的特点。南北方少数民族多改编了牛郎织女故事的悲剧结局,以牛郎织女或在天上或在人间一起幸福生活为结局,并增加了考验女婿的情节。同时,南北方少数民族演变至今的牛郎织女故事也呈现出一些不同点,如受儒家传统文化影响程度不同,故事中所体现出的生产方式不同,仙女下凡的原因不同,主要人物“牛”与“鹿”的不同。其中的共同性反映出同一母题在不同民族间孳乳、传播的互动影响及文化相融的稳定性,也体现出不同民族反映世界、表达情感的共通模式;而其不同则折射出不同民族宗教信仰、人情风俗、民俗心理以及生产生活方式等方面的独特性。     

《跻春台》中的婚丧民俗礼仪述论

《跻春台》是清末四川地区刊刻出版的白话小说集，共四十个故事。作者为四川中江人，全书用四川方言俗语写成。其描写对象多为中下层市民或农民，实录的写作手法使小说中出现较多关于蜀地礼仪民俗的描写，其中涉及最多的当属婚礼与丧礼。清末蜀地婚礼与传统士昏礼中的“六礼”既有一脉相承的一面，又有自己独有的特点，如礼节简略、不亲迎、无聘金等。而丧礼除遵循《仪礼.士丧礼》的部分礼仪外，又有着蜀地丧礼独特的习俗，如普遍作道场、富户散普孝及奢靡风气、帮助穷户殡葬的“孝义会”等。作为中华优秀传统文化的有机组成部分，蜀地民俗礼仪有着与中华传统民俗文化一脉相承的一面。另一 方面，受地域、经济、气候、风俗等影响， 清末蜀地民俗礼仪又呈现出独有的特点，使蜀地民俗礼仪文化呈现出传统与保守、多元统一、内涵丰富且富有个性的特征。