Spatial Variations in Church Burnings: The Social Ecology of Victimized Communities in the South*

Abstract In recent years, church burnings in the South have attracted a great deal of attention. Many commentators have charged that they are a product of strained race relations throughout the South, and particularly of severe racial tensions in Southern rural areas. In this study we evaluate these claims. We begin by mapping the spatial coordinates of recorded church burnings from 1990 to 1997, and find that church arsons indeed are concentrated in the South. Church burnings, however, are a more urban phenomenon than popular media accounts would suggest. Our analysis then explores the influence of contextual factors (population and locale, racial composition and inequality, so‐cioeconomic conditions, local religious ecology, and patterns of reported crime) on church burnings in counties located in the study region. Logistic regression models confirm that church arsons are most likely to occur in small metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) and non‐MSA counties containing a city of at least 10,000 residents. Church burnings also are especially likely in counties with a higher percentage of black residents, a larger number of churches relative to the rest of the state, and a higher arson rate. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for future research and public policy.     

石油亚砜PSO—Ⅱ与P_(204),P_(507)萃取稀土的研究

分别用P_(204),P_(507),PSO—Ⅱ单独萃取混合氯化稀土,得到了萃取稀土的最佳条件,并对P_(204)与PSO—Ⅱ、P_(507)与PSO—Ⅱ,协同萃取稀土元素进行了初步探讨,发现P_(204)与PSO—Ⅱ,P_(507)与PSO—Ⅱ两者在萃取混合氯化稀土的试验条件下,均无协同效应。     

悠久而多彩的印尼华人外文文学

印尼华人外文文学发生于19世纪中叶,为印尼文学的产生带了头,在马来文学的革新中起了先锋作用。印尼华人外文文学涉及重大的政治斗争和社会问题,揭露社会弊端和邪恶势力,表现各族青年男女的恋爱婚姻生活,反映家庭生活中的矛盾和冲突问题,反映社会底层的各族人民的生活和风土人情,艺术形式多样,语种丰富,读者众多。     

BATHTUB-TYPE CURVES IN RELIABILITY AND BEYOND

Finding optimal, or at least good, maintenance and repair policies is crucial in reliability engineering. Likewise, describing life phases of human mortality is important when determining social policy or insurance premiums. In these tasks, one searches for distributions to fit data and then makes inferences about the population(s). In the present paper, we focus on bathtub‐type distributions and provide a view of certain problems, methods and solutions, and a few challenges, that can be encountered in reliability engineering, survival analysis, demography and actuarial science.     

河南高等教育高水平发展略论

"十五"期间,河南高等教育事业取得突飞猛进的发展,但与广大人民群众"有学上"、"有好学上"的需求仍有一定差距,服务河南经济社会发展的能力还不够强,根源主要在于河南高等教育优质资源比较匮乏,突出表现在重点大学、重点学科和重点实验室较少方面.推动河南高等教育高水平发展,必须有针对性地加大"三重"建设力度,在学科建设等五个方面狠下工夫.     

王船山的《中庸》首章诠释及其思想

以《中庸》为个案 ,从宋明道学的视野来观察船山的《四书》诠释。可以认为 :船山读《中庸》说 ,其中以未发说和戒慎说为其核心。船山有关《中庸》的讲法 ,可以说是“接着”程朱讲的 ,但不是“照着”程朱讲的 ;他不是传统意义上的程朱学派 ,但受到程朱学派的较大影响。船山虽然并不承认自己为程朱学派的一员 ,但顺承程朱《中庸》解说的脉络 ,延续程朱《中庸》诠释的问题性 ,吸取程朱许多的理学观念和诠释学资源 ,同时又针对朱子本人及朱门后学的论点而提出自己的诠释主张。船山的《中庸》解释是明清之际儒学经典诠释的一部分     

企业诚信影响全要素生产率吗? ——基于纳税诚信的经验证据

企业诚信不仅是良好市场经济秩序的基础,同时也是经济高质量发展的重要内容.本文以国家税务总局公布的2014—2018年上市公司纳税诚信状况作为企业诚信的衡量指标,考察企业诚信经营对企业全要素生产率的影响.研究发现,诚信企业的全要素生产率显著高于非诚信企业;企业诚信会通过促进研发创新以及优化内部控制来提高企业全要素生产率.异质性分析表明,企业诚信对低市场化进程地区企业、国有企业全要素生产率的促进作用更为显著.研究结论不仅为推进我国企业诚信建设提供经验证据,也为企业转型升级、实现高质量发展提供路径参考.     

獭兔养殖综合技术研究

对獭兔的适应性、饲养管理、疾病防治、产品加工等养殖综合技术进行了研究,提出了獭兔的“三改、两杯、两早一分和两选两适”规范化饲养管理制度和疾病综合防治技术措施,探索出了优质獭兔毛皮和“富钙兔肉脯”的加工工艺以及獭兔良种推广的有效途径。     

Risk Modeling, Assessment, and Management of Lahar Flow Threat

The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines is considered one of the most violent and destructive volcanic activities in the 20th century. Lahar is the Indonesian term for volcanic ash, and lahar flows resulting from the massive amount of volcanic materials deposited on the mountain's slope posed continued post-eruption threats to the surrounding areas, destroying lives, homes, agricultural products, and infrastructures. Risks of lahar flows were identified immediately after the eruption, with scientific data provided by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology, the U.S. Geological Survey, and other research institutions. However, competing political, economic, and social agendas subordinated the importance of scientific information to policy making. Using systemic risk analysis and management, this article addresses the issues of multiple objectives and the effective integration of scientific techniques into the decision-making process. It provides a modeling framework for identifying, prioritizing, and evaluating policies for managing risk. The major considerations are: (1) applying a holistic approach to risk analysis through hierarchical holographic modeling, (2) applying statistical methods to gain insight into the problem of uncertainty in risk assessment, (3) using multiobjective trade-off analysis to address the issue of multiple decisionmakers and stakeholders in the decision-making process, (4) using the conditional expected value of extreme events to complement and supplement the expected value in quantifying risk, and (5) assessing the impacts of multistage decisions. Numerical examples based on ex post data are formulated to illustrate applications to various problems. The resulting framework from this study can serve as a general baseline model for assessing and managing risks of natural disasters, which the Philippines' lead agency-the National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC)-and other related organizations can use for their decision-making processes.