谈建立促进知识共享的考核机制

鉴于前人在知识共享方面有许多的研究,可以看出知识共享在企业发展中发挥着重要作用,如何促进知识的共享,为企业创造更大的价值一直是企业关注的一个重要话题。本文从制度的角度,谈如何利用考核机制来促进知识的共享,希望对企业促进员工贡献知识方面能有所帮助。     

Trauma, coping resources, and family functioning in emergency services personnel: A comparative study

In this study a sample of male, shift-working, operational ambulance officers were compared with a group of male shift-workers from a range of occupations in which exposure to traumatic events was not inherent in the role ( N = 71). Three dimensions of family functioning were examined: intimacy, conflict, and parenting styles, with respect to occupational type (i.e. work-related exposure to trauma) and accounting for personal resources (coping). Personal resources were found to have a significant impact on the dimensions of family functioning. Furthermore, differences emerged in the pattern of coping between the two groups. Ambulance officers demonstrated a more varied repertoire of personal resources than the control group. Social support was found to be the sole predictor of intimacy and conflict levels in the control sample. However, in the ambulance group social support was predictive of intimacy levels, rational-cognitive strategies were predictive of conflict levels, and self-care, social support, and rational-cognitive strategies were all significantly correlated with the three dimensions of family functioning.     

Preparing Whistleblowers for Reporting Research Misconduct

Making an allegation of research misconduct can be stressful for a whistleblower. The Research Integrity Officer (RIO) can play an important role in helping reduce the stress by thoroughly discussing what whistleblowers can expect if they make an allegation. Through interviews with 77 RIOs who had recently handled a research misconduct case, we found that RIOs who addressed more topics as well as specific aspects of the topics were more likely to have used some type of memory aide in their initial contact with whistleblowers, talked with ORI staff or other RIOs about “hypothetical” research misconduct cases, or attended a RIO boot camp training. We believe that RIOs who more fully inform whistleblowers are providing timely preparation and building whistleblowers' confidence so they can make a more informed decision about reporting and experience less stress.     

浅析城管行政执法的人性化

当前城市管理行政执法不和谐已成为一个突出的社会问题。随着社会的进步,人们对城管中的不文明执法现象越来越重视,要求也越来越高,人们迫切希望在城管执法中实行人性化执法,但由于各种原因,以罚代管、粗暴执法等非人性化执法仍在一定范围内存在,导致执法者与行政相对人之间对立,影响了执法机关及执法者的形象,弱化了法治环境,最终损害国家机关和法律的尊严。     

Hitting and missing targets by ambulance services for emergency calls: effects of different systems of performance measurement within the UK

Summary.  Following devolution, differences developed between UK countries in systems of measuring performance against a common target that ambulance services ought to respond to 75% of calls for what may be immediately life threatening emergencies (category A calls) within 8 minutes. Only in England was this target integral to a ranking system of 'star rating', which inflicted reputational damage on services that failed to hit targets, and only in England has this target been met. In other countries, the target has been missed by such large margins that services would have been publicly reported as failing, if they had been covered by the English system of star ratings. The paper argues that this case-study adds to evidence from comparisons of different systems of hospital performance measurement that, to have an effect, these systems need to be designed to inflict reputational damage on those that have performed poorly; and it explores implications of this hypothesis. The paper also asks questions about the adequacy of systems of performance measurement of ambulance services in UK countries.     

Trauma,coping resources,and family functioning in emergency services personnel: A comparative study

In this study a sample of male, shift-working, operational ambulance officers were compared with a group of male shift-workers from a range of occupations in which exposure to traumatic events was not inherent in the role ( N = 71). Three dimensions of family functioning were examined: intimacy, conflict, and parenting styles, with respect to occupational type (i.e. work-related exposure to trauma) and accounting for personal resources (coping). Personal resources were found to have a significant impact on the dimensions of family functioning. Furthermore, differences emerged in the pattern of coping between the two groups. Ambulance officers demonstrated a more varied repertoire of personal resources than the control group. Social support was found to be the sole predictor of intimacy and conflict levels in the control sample. However, in the ambulance group social support was predictive of intimacy levels, rational-cognitive strategies were predictive of conflict levels, and self-care, social support, and rational-cognitive strategies were all significantly correlated with the three dimensions of family functioning.     

The consumer litigation industry: Chasing dragon kings in lawyer–client networks

The community of lawyers and their clients form a scale-free bipartite network that develops naturally as the outcome of the recommendation process through which lawyers form their client base. This process is an example of preferential attachment where lawyers with more clients are more likely to be recommended to new clients. Consumer litigation is an important market for lawyers. In large consumer societies, there always a significant amount of consumption disputes that escalate to court. In this paper we analyze a dataset of thousands of lawsuits, reconstructing the lawyer–client network embedded in the data. Analyzing the degree distribution of this network we noticed that it follows that of a scale-free network built by preferential attachment, but for a few lawyers with much larger client base than could be expected by preferential attachment. Incidentally, most of these also figured on a list put together by the judiciary of lawyers which openly advertised the benefits of consumer litigation. According to the code of ethics of their profession, lawyers should not stimulate clients into litigation, but it is not strictly illegal. From a network formation point of view, this stimulation can be seen as a separate growth mechanism than preferential attachment alone. In this paper we find that this composite growth can be detected by a simple statistical test, as simulations show that lawyers which use both mechanisms quickly become the “dragon-kings” of the distribution of the number of clients per lawyer.     

首席问题官:古代谏官对现代企业的启示

谏官的职能是发现君主和高级官员的不当行为,以及反响强烈的社会问题,并直接向君主提出意见或建议。谏官制度对古代行政管理体系的自我完善发挥了极其重要的作用。借鉴古代谏官制度,大中型现代企业也有必要设立类似的职位,即首席问题官。首席问题官不分管企业中传统意义上的“专业工作”,而是跨专业、跨部门地挖掘问题、研究问题,并牵头制定解决方案。谏官的典型进谏风格有耿直派和委婉派两种,首席问题官也有必要根据企业环境和企业领导人的个性,选择适宜的表达问题方式。