心理干预对恶性肿瘤患者家属心理障碍的作用

目的分析恶性肿瘤患者家属焦虑、抑郁状态的形成因素及心理干预对其的影响。方法对105名晚期恶性肿瘤患者家属根据其焦虑或抑郁症状给予心理干预,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)测评其治疗前后的症状变化。结果心理干预前后SAS分别为59.16±4.11、45.35±3.25(t=27.08,P<0.05),SDS分别为54.13±3.67、47.95±2.21(t=15.07,P<0.05),治疗后评定分值较治疗前明显下降,治疗后症状减轻。结论焦虑和抑郁症状是晚期恶性肿瘤患者家属不可忽视的心理问题,应引起医学界的重视。心理干预能够明显改善焦虑和抑郁症状。     

非英语专业大学生外语学习情感因素定量分析

从定量研究的角度,分析了121名非英语专业大学生的外语学习情感因素,并就情感诸因素对学习成绩的预测力做了相应研究和探讨。研究表明中国学生学习外语的动机主要是工具型动机,学生在外语学习中存在不同方面、不同程度的焦虑,学习态度上的考试倾向性较强,但学生拥有较强的学习自信心和移情能力。对学习成绩有明显预测力的情感因素依次是:融合型动机、焦虑和学习态度。     

Overcoming Barriers to Using Empirically Supported Therapies to Treat Childhood Anxiety Disorders in Social Work Practice

Anxiety disorders are among the most common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Most empirically supported treatments (ESTs) for pediatric anxiety disorders include various cognitive-behavioral methods. Although demonstrated efficacious in controlled and clinic settings, there are barriers to implementing these types of therapies in social work settings due to beliefs about the usefulness of ESTs in community settings; limitations of treatment manuals; time constraints of implementing ESTs; fidelity and flexibility of implementing ESTs; and limited training opportunities. This article provides an overview of ESTs for childhood anxiety disorders, highlighting options for overcoming common barriers to implementing ESTs. Collaborative multi-method approaches to advance implementation of ESTs in social work practice are suggested.     

Correlates of Depressive Symptoms among Homebound and Semi-Homebound Older Adults

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to provide a national profile of homebound and semi-homebound older adults with depressive symptoms and to compare risk factors of depressive symptoms by homebound status. A sample of 1,885 homebound and semi-homebound older adults was selected from Round 1 of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 43.9% in homebound older adults and 28.1% in semi-homebound older adults, representing over 830,000 and 1.4 million individuals in the population, respectively. Nearly two-thirds of homebound and over half of semi-homebound older adults with clinically significant depressive symptoms also had significant anxiety symptoms. Results from logistic regression showed that younger age, certain medical morbidities, severity of functional limitations, and pain were common risk factors for depressive symptoms among homebound and semi-homebound older adults. Some differences in the risk factor profile emerged between the homebound and the semi-homebound populations. Alleviating the burden of depression in the semi-homebound population may focus on early prevention that considers the diversity of this population. Home-based, integrated programs of health and mental health services that simultaneously address the medical, psychiatric, and neurologic comorbidities and disabilities of homebound older adults are needed to meet the complex needs of this population.     

Randomized controlled trial of the Resilience and Coping Intervention (RCI) with undergraduate university students

Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the Resilience and Coping Intervention (RCI) with college students. Participants: College students (aged 18–23) from a large Midwest US university who volunteered for a randomized controlled trial during the 2015 spring semester. Methods: College students were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 64) or a control (n = 65) group. Intervention participants received three 45-minute RCI sessions over subsequent weeks. All participants completed pre- and post-intervention assessments at the beginning of Week 1 and end of Week 3. Student resilience, coping, hope, stress, depression, and anxiety were assessed. Results. RCI participants reported significantly more hope and less stress and depression from Week 1 to Week 3 compared with control participants. Results for resilience also approached statistical significance. Effect sizes were small to moderate. Conclusions: This study found preliminary evidence that RCI is an effective resilience intervention for use with college students.     

College students coping with interpersonal stress: Examining a control-based model of coping

Objective: The ways that college students cope with stress, particularly interpersonal stress, may be a critical factor in determining which students are at risk for impairing mental health disorders. Using a control-based model of coping, the present study examined associations between interpersonal stress, coping strategies, and symptoms. Participants: A total of 135 undergraduate students from 2 universities. Methods: Interpersonal stress, coping strategies, depression, anxiety, and somatization were assessed via self-report. Results: Students reporting more interpersonal stress reported more depression, anxiety, and somatization, and they reported less use of engagement coping strategies and greater use of disengagement coping strategies. Engagement coping strategies accounted for a significant portion of the association between interpersonal stress and mental health symptoms. Unexpectedly, coping strategies did not moderate the association between stress and mental health symptoms. Conclusion: Interventions designed to improve students' coping strategies may be an effective way to reduce mental health problems on college campuses.     

青少年学业压力、父母支持与精神健康

追求学业上的成就,并由此实现社会流动、赢得尊敬和家庭的荣耀是中国文化的传统。但对教育成就的重视也导致儿童承受很大的压力,引发心理和身体的疾病。对上海685名学生学业压力与精神健康的调查证实,学业压力是加剧学生焦虑的风险因素,而父母的情感支持是促进儿童精神健康的保护性因素。因此促进父母对儿童的学习参与是重要的,但要注意时机,动态了解儿童的学习压力状况并提供及时的情感支持,这样有助于儿童的精神健康。     

上海流动儿童的精神健康：一项探索性研究

中国的农村劳动力流动持续到现在，流动儿童即第二代移民问题已经浮出水面。但是，流动儿童精神状况问题没有引起研究人员的特别重视并成为专门的研究领域，而这恰恰是一个关乎城市长期发展和社会稳定的重要议题。本研究对上海市某小学的儿童进行了问卷调查，问卷包括国际流行的儿童抑郁量表和焦虑量表。研究发现上海市流动儿童存在一定程度的抑郁和焦虑。论文最后部分提出对于如何干预流动儿童心理问题的对策和建议。     

上海流动儿童的精神健康:一项探索性研究

中国的农村劳动力流动持续到现在,流动儿童即第二代移民问题已经浮出水面.但是,流动儿童精神状况问题没有引起研究人员的特别重视并成为专门的研究领域,而这恰恰是一个关乎城市长期发展和社会稳定的重要议题.本研究对上海市某小学的儿童进行了问卷调查,问卷包括国际流行的儿童抑郁量表和焦虑量表.研究发现上海市流动儿童存在一定程度的抑郁...