THE STATIONARY BEER GAME

This paper presents a variant of the popular beer game. We call the new game the stationary beer game, which models the material and information flows in a production‐distribution channel serving a stationary market where the customer demands in different periods are independent and identically distributed. Different players, who all know the demand distribution, manage the different stages of the channel. Summarizing the initial experience with the stationary beer game, the paper provides compelling reasons why this game is an effective teaching tool.     

基于状态空间模型的人民币均衡汇率研究

本文改进传统回归均值系数分析的缺陷,引进汇率风险变量和适应性预期变量,通过构建行为均衡汇率(BEER)的状态空间模型,利用卡尔曼滤波估计时变系数,同时估计了人民币汇率的ECM模型,研究2000年1月～2011年12月各因素对人民币均衡汇率的动态影响,并测算了人民币均衡汇率.研究发现:政府支出、TOT、FDI对人民币的升值影响显著增强,其中贸易条件对人民币升值贡献最大;利率差R、汇率风险RIS和适应性预期变量,逐渐符合理论预测.人民币均衡汇率失衡均在6％以内,不存在较大偏差.近期人民币升值压力主要来自热钱流入,非经济基本因素的内在需求.解释变量对人民币汇率的长期影响符合理论预期,但短期内各因素对人民币汇率的影响与长期影响有一定的冲突.     

PLAYING THE BEER DISTRIBUTION GAME OVER THE INTERNET

This paper describes an Internet implementation of the Beer Distribution Game. Many teachers demonstrate the bullwhip effect that is often observed in supply chains by playing this game with their students. This implementation has the advantage of considerably reducing the time required to play the game.