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浅析韦伯的"卡理斯玛"及其发展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
林安源 《江南大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2005,4(3):40-42
在韦伯理论中,“卡理斯玛”是一个相当活跃的,因而充满歧义和使用混乱的概念。要对它这些多元内涵进行分类,并厘定它们之间的关系,必须回到其发生学本义中。从其起源及发展来看,该概念有三种基本的意义:“个人品质(能力)”,“社会革命力量”及“法理的根源”。它们有一个共同的特征:神圣性和不稳定性。其目的与手段之间存在着内在张力并发展为“卡理斯玛悖论”。 相似文献
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In these times, when fame is available to almost anyone, it is worth being able to measure the extent and dimensions of a person's charisma. Most of the research on charisma to date is restricted to the area of leadership. In this article, however, charisma is generalized to take in all human beings and is conceptualized as a multi-dimensional cognitive-affective phenomenon. The article presents a pilot study aimed at providing an adequate operational definition of the construct as well as an initial tool for its measurement. A following literature review shows how authors have developed the concept of charisma and its initial operational dimensions for empirical research. A questionnaire is developed in three stages. The factor analyses applied in stages two and three point towards a six-factor solution (i.e. six dimensions of charisma). Further analysis reveals that the developed instrument is reliable and viable as well as applicable for future theoretical and practical work. 相似文献
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Christoph?J.?Schmidt-LellekEmail author 《Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching》2004,11(1):27-40
Charisma, power and narcissism. On the diagnostics of an ambivalent leading qualityManagers are often obviously narcissistic personalities with “charismatic qualities”. The author discusses the background of these qualities and their ambivalence, because behind the brilliance of a successful manager may be a hidden narcissistic problem as the actual motive power. Nevertheless a constructive narcissism is to be distinguished from a destructive one. Charismatic constellations as well as narcissistic dynamics are to be understood not only as an individual problem but as an interactional phenomenon, involving both sides of a relationship. In order to explain these dynamics, the author presents the concepts of “narcissistic collusion” and “expanded self”. It is of great importance to the coach, to be able to analyse and to deal with these relational patterns — and also to preserve oneself from being involved in such narcissistic dynamics. 相似文献
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We present an evolutionary perspective on charismatic leadership, arguing that charisma has evolved as a credible signal of a person's ability to solve a coordination challenge requiring urgent collective action from group members. We suggest that a better understanding of charisma's evolutionary and biological origins and functions can provide a broader perspective in which to situate current debates surrounding the utility and validity of charismatic leadership as a construct in the social sciences. We outline several key challenges which have shaped our followership psychology, and argue that the benefits of successful coordination in ancestral environments has led to the evolution of context-dependent psychological mechanisms which are especially attuned to cues and signals of outstanding personal leadership qualities. We elaborate on several implications of this signaling hypothesis of charismatic leadership, including opportunities for deception (dishonest signaling) and for large-scale coordination. 相似文献
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卡扎菲集团没有构建合法型、传统型统治的基础,构建"魅力型统治"成为其目标。卡扎菲以"第三世界理论"和《绿皮书》为指导,以民众革命、伊斯兰社会主义、对抗西方等实践行为,构建"魅力型统治"。随着社会变迁和全球化的冲击,完全凭铁腕和魅力赢得民众认同来寻求合法性显得日益艰难。卡扎菲统治的42年,政治动员缺乏国民士气和公共精神所需求的能量。这次利比亚政治危机是北非政治危机"滚雪球效应"引发的利比亚国内政治斗争的扩大化,外来力量尤其是北约的干预直接放大了这种效应,反映了利比亚现代化中威权政治的衰朽,卡扎菲强人政治"魅力平凡化"的历程。 相似文献
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中国文化在美国推广和展现有七次震撼性的巡回,在美国主流接受群体中获得了极大的反响。1849年华工赴美淘金,中国文化以群像出现在美洲大陆。此后李鸿章访问纽约、梅兰芳访美演出、宋美龄国会演讲、邓小平中美建交之后的亮相、中国经济地位提升华人新移民以群体形象融入主流、白先勇策划组织《牡丹亭》加州巡演,美国的主流接受群体以一种个人魅力、皇家文化、通俗文化的共鸣来欢迎中国元素。环视近年来的中国文化在美国的推展,效果似乎不够显著,其原因在于忽视了推展中国文化的接受群体研究和操作过程。 相似文献
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George C. Banks Krista N. Engemann Courtney E. Williams Janaki Gooty Kelly Davis McCauley Melissa R. Medaugh 《The Leadership Quarterly》2017,28(4):508-529
Charismatic leadership is a critical construct that draws much attention from both academic and practitioner literatures. Despite the positive attention received by the charisma construct, some have criticized its conceptualization and measurement. These critiques have, in turn, cast doubt on what we know regarding the antecedents and outcomes of charismatic leadership. In this review, we adopt a recently developed definition of charismatic leadership and then conduct a meta-analysis of its antecedents and objective outcomes. Following an examination of 76 independent studies and 36,031 individuals, results indicate that the Big Five traits and cognitive ability vary in their association with charismatic leadership. Other findings show that dimensions of charismatic leadership predict outcomes of interest, such as supervisor-rated task performance, supervisor-rated citizenship behaviors, and group or organization performance. Several shortcomings are identified, however, in testing theoretical and methodological moderating variables. The present research ultimately provides a roadmap for new frontiers in theoretical, measurement and empirical work on charismatic leadership. 相似文献
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钟嵘在《诗品》中以曹植五言诗的"骨气奇高,词采华茂"为审美标准来品评其余120多位诗人,他这种重风骨和丹采的审美倾向对当时和后世的诗歌创作和诗歌审美都产生了积极的影响。在重风骨方面,它是对汉魏以来竞靡丽的文坛风气的拨正;在重丹采方面,客观上推动了诗歌自身的发展,突出了"文的自觉"这一特征。 相似文献
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西方新领导理论:兴起、发展与趋向 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
西方新领导理论真正揭示了领导与管理的本质区别,是对传统领导理论的革命性突破。该理论各流派共同主张领导以愿景为核心要素,是基于领导者与追随者情感和价值实现变革的过程。各流派均以实证研究为基础,从特质、行为和情境维度阐释有效领导力的形成,各有侧重。本文系对该理论的系统评介。 相似文献