啸的起源——兼论语言的起源张应斌

人类的啸与动物的天籁近似,人类在前语言时期用啸进行交流,利用啸的生物语言特性狩猎,在啸的发生发展中蕴涵着丰富的文化人类学内容。     

我国十二生肖文化探源

十二生肖是一种颇具内涵的文化现象，在我国已有悠久的历史。其特点是以十二种动物配十二地支，以人之生年定所属动物。我国远古的图腾崇拜是十二生肖的滥觞，而干支的创制与中华民族的多元一体则是十二生肖形成的基础.     

论动物福利法的基本理念

“承认和维护动物福利,认可和维护动物的自然权利,尊重生命、善待动物、不虐待动物,保护动物福利也是保护人的利益,人与动物和谐相处,将科学精神与人文精神相结合”,这些是动物福利法的基本理念。动物福利法确认的是“动物的权利”,而不是“动物的人权”,更不是法律确认了动物是人。尊重生命是善待动物、不虐待动物的思想基础,不虐待动物是尊重生命的起码要求。科学精神是动物福利法的基础,人文精神是动物福利法的灵魂。只有形成并贯彻科学精神与人文精神相结合的理念,才能在一个汇集多种文明、多种主义、多种观念的多元化的当代社会,启动和推进动物福利立法。     

Making sense of the senses across species boundaries: designing the Animal Senses gallery at National Museums Scotland

As one of a suite of natural science galleries in the National Museum of Scotland, Animal Senses presents a comprehensive overview of how animals have evolved senses as they have adapted to different ecological niches in order to find food or avoid predation. Using different sensory channels, they also have evolved means of communication to attract mates, deter rivals, and remain hidden from predators and prey. Some of the most extraordinary examples of evolution are those which mimic the appearance of another unrelated species or some feature of the environment such as a thorn on a bush or a piece of coral. New taxidermy and models, engaging text presented hierarchically, and fun interactives were developed specifically for this gallery in order to present an up-to-date review of senses and communication. However, its real strength is the wide array of real specimens and life-size models which allow visitors to see what these animals really look like and how big they are, experiences which cannot be emulated by books or electronic media. By taking a thematic approach, we have created an unrivalled opportunity to compare animals from different taxonomic groups to see how they have solved the problems of life by evolving similar structures or completely different ones in order to find food, avoid being eaten, navigate, find mates and deceive rivals and predators.     

No place to go? Management of non-human animal overflows in Australia

I discuss overflows of several introduced vertebrate species in Australia and critically explore their construction as national pests – overflows - appropriate for management by lethal control. I outline the thanato-politics and thanato-economics of managing selected non-human animals by toxic baiting and/or viral infection in ecologies of toxicity and the trophic cascades which may ensue. Drawing on Foucault and Deleuze, I explore creative potentialities for conservation managers of thinking in terms of milieu and environnementalité; exploration of the conditions of possibility for non-human animals to live in their milieus, considering relationalities with elements such as habitat fragmentation, fire regimes, pesticide use and so on. This could form a biopolitics which relocates biopower to within the subject rather than a thanato-politics of overflow, surplus and death.     

英汉动物名词翻译的不等值

本文从中西方文化差异的角度,通过大量实例,分析了动物名词翻译中的不等值现象。旨在提醒英语界同仁,在掌握词汇的同时,应多了解中西方不同的文化背景,翻译出脍炙人口的作品。     

元朝野生动物保护政策及其对旅游资源保护的启示

在中国历史上,元朝统治者比较懂得爱惜野生动物。在这种思想意识的支配下,他们制定了一套完整的保护野生动物的条例和法规,详细规定了狩猎和禁猎的时间、地点及捕猎野生动物的种类,并在实践中认真贯彻执行,使元朝的野生动物保护工作走上了法制轨道,取得了明显的社会效益、经济效益和生态效益。这一切对于今天的旅游资源开发与保护仍有借鉴意义。     

九峰山地区兽类研究

本文叙述了内蒙古九峰山地区兽类的种类、数量及分布情况,并且对在各种生境和不同季节其种类和数量的变化进行了详细分析.对一些种类的经济价值及如何保护和利用也做了说明.     

Civic Engagement Among Older Adults in a Rural Community

Abstract

This is a report of the second and final stage of a research project evaluating courses for community activists in Israel. We compared 286 graduates of Schools for Community Activists, of whom 198 were still active in their communities and 98 were not, with 138 activists and 131 non-active residents of the same neighbourhoods who had never participated in courses for activists. We noted no significant socio-economic or demographic differences between the graduates and the non-graduates. However, on a range of variables, we found consistent and generally significant differences between the graduate and non-graduate activists: the former reported higher levels of activism, knowledge and skills, higher community involvement and deeper community roots, and assessed more highly the prestige of community involvement. Few differences were noted on their assessment of the benefits and losses of community activity. Since the graduates and non-graduates come from similar backgrounds, we conclude that the courses made a significant contribution to the development and socialization of those activists who participated in them.     

《聊斋志异》动物引识仙草母题的佛经文化溯源

某种动物的特殊习性,早引起古人注意。因动物行为启发而得疗病仙草,今存载录当起自刘敬叔《异苑》。而与蒲松龄生活的淄川并不遥远的北方蒙古族地区,约15世纪定型的史诗《江格尔》中也有仙草救助英雄母题。蒲松龄先祖一说就是蒙古族,或许这种仙草崇拜情结还受到蒙古族民间史诗陶铸。母题源头当在西域和印度,佛经"感恩动物、神草可生子、草药精灵母题"和"一切药草树木尽有神"观念,对母题有决定性影响。